B cells respond to the initial antigen challenge by
forming a large number of cytotoxic cells
immediately producing antigen-specific antibodies
producing progeny cells that include plasma cells and memory cells
reducing its size
The Correct Answer is C
A. Forming a large number of cytotoxic cells: Cytotoxic cells are produced by T lymphocytes, not B cells. B cells respond to antigens primarily by producing antibodies and memory cells, not cytotoxic T cells.
B. Immediately producing antigen-specific antibodies: B cells require activation and clonal expansion before producing significant amounts of antibodies. The response is not instantaneous; there is a latent period during the primary immune response.
C. Producing progeny cells that include plasma cells and memory cells: Upon activation, B cells undergo clonal selection and differentiate into plasma cells, which secrete antibodies, and memory B cells, which provide long-term immunity. This is the hallmark of the primary adaptive immune response.
D. Reducing its size: B cells do not shrink in response to antigen exposure. Instead, they proliferate and differentiate to mount an effective immune response.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. 120/80:This reading falls within the normal blood pressure range. Systolic pressure is at the upper end of normal, and diastolic pressure is well within normal limits, so it does not indicate hypertension.
B. 110/60:This is considered a low-normal blood pressure reading. Both systolic and diastolic pressures are below the thresholds for hypertension, indicating normal or slightly low blood pressure.
C. 170/96:This reading is significantly elevated, with both systolic and diastolic pressures above normal limits. A systolic pressure ≥140 mmHg or a diastolic pressure ≥90 mmHg meets the criteria for hypertension, making this reading indicative of the condition.
D. 140/90:While this reading meets the minimum threshold for stage 2 hypertension, it is less severe than 170/96. It does indicate hypertension but is less markedly elevated compared with option C.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Inversely; directly:Blood flow rises when the pressure gradient increases, so an inverse relationship does not fit normal cardiovascular physiology. The pressure gradient is the main driving force that propels blood forward, meaning higher gradients produce greater flow. Although resistance does influence blood flow, pairing it with an incorrect pressure-flow relationship makes this option inaccurate.
B. Directly; inversely:Blood flow increases when the pressure gradient increases because a stronger driving force moves blood through the vessels. Flow decreases as resistance increases, since narrowed or obstructed vessels limit the passage of blood. This pairing correctly reflects hemodynamic principles, where flow is enhanced by pressure and hindered by resistance.
C. Directly; directly:While blood flow does increase with larger pressure differences, it does not increase with increased resistance. Higher resistance, such as from vasoconstriction, reduces flow by making it harder for blood to move through the vascular system. The second relationship therefore prevents this option from aligning with physiological reality.
D. Inversely; inversely:Suggesting that flow decreases when pressure gradients rise conflicts with the fundamental mechanism that drives circulation. Although flow does decline with increased resistance, an inverse pressure relationship fully contradicts how blood is propelled through vessels, making this option invalid.
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