B cells respond to the initial antigen challenge by
forming a large number of cytotoxic cells
immediately producing antigen-specific antibodies
producing progeny cells that include plasma cells and memory cells
reducing its size
The Correct Answer is C
A. Forming a large number of cytotoxic cells: Cytotoxic cells are produced by T lymphocytes, not B cells. B cells respond to antigens primarily by producing antibodies and memory cells, not cytotoxic T cells.
B. Immediately producing antigen-specific antibodies: B cells require activation and clonal expansion before producing significant amounts of antibodies. The response is not instantaneous; there is a latent period during the primary immune response.
C. Producing progeny cells that include plasma cells and memory cells: Upon activation, B cells undergo clonal selection and differentiate into plasma cells, which secrete antibodies, and memory B cells, which provide long-term immunity. This is the hallmark of the primary adaptive immune response.
D. Reducing its size: B cells do not shrink in response to antigen exposure. Instead, they proliferate and differentiate to mount an effective immune response.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Interfere with viral replication within cells:Interferons are signaling proteins released by virus-infected cells. They induce neighboring cells to produce antiviral proteins that inhibit viral replication, providing an early defense mechanism against viral infections.
B. Are virus-specific, so that an interferon produced against one virus could not protect cells against another virus:Interferons are not virus-specific. They provide broad antiviral protection by inducing general antiviral states in cells, making them effective against multiple types of viruses.
C. Are routinely used in nasal sprays for the common cold:Interferons are not routinely used as nasal sprays for the common cold due to side effects and limited effectiveness in treating mild viral infections. Their use is primarily therapeutic in serious viral infections or certain cancers.
D. Act by increasing the rate of cell division:Interferons do not stimulate cell division. Instead, they modulate immune responses and activate antiviral defenses, including the production of proteins that inhibit viral replication.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. They distribute blood to various parts of the body:While arterioles direct blood flow to different tissues, distribution alone does not explain why they are called resistance vessels. Their role in regulating flow is more about controlling pressure and resistance.
B. Their prime function is the exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood and tissue cells:Nutrient and waste exchange occurs primarily in capillaries, not arterioles. Arterioles function upstream of capillaries, regulating the flow into these exchange vessels rather than performing exchange themselves.
C. They contain a large quantity of elastic tissue:Arterioles have some elastic fibers, but not in large amounts like elastic arteries. Elastic tissue contributes to vessel recoil, but it is not the main reason they are classified as resistance vessels.
D. The contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle in their walls can change their diameter:Arterioles can constrict or dilate due to smooth muscle activity, which alters resistance to blood flow. This ability to adjust diameter directly controls peripheral resistance and, therefore, systemic blood pressure, making them the primary resistance vessels in the circulation.
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