Which of the following would NOT be expected from taking a diuretic drug?
increased urine output
lower plasma volume
decreased blood pressure
greater stress on the heart to provide adequate perfusion
The Correct Answer is D
A. Increased urine output: Diuretics promote renal excretion of sodium and water, leading to a noticeable rise in urine volume. This effect helps lower circulating fluid levels and reduces preload on the heart. Increased urine output is therefore an expected and intended response to these medications.
B. Lower plasma volume: By enhancing fluid loss through the kidneys, diuretics decrease overall plasma volume. Reduced intravascular volume helps lessen the workload on the cardiovascular system and supports blood pressure control. This decrease is a predictable physiological effect of diuretic therapy.
C. Decreased blood pressure: Lower plasma volume reduces venous return and cardiac output, leading to a reduction in arterial pressure. Many diuretics are prescribed specifically to manage hypertension by decreasing this circulating volume. A drop in blood pressure is therefore consistent with the drug’s mechanism of action.
D. Greater stress on the heart to provide adequate perfusion: Diuretics typically ease cardiac workload by lowering circulating volume and reducing vascular resistance. With less volume to pump and decreased pressure demands, the heart generally experiences improved efficiency.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
A. Artificial passive immunity:Artificial passive immunity involves the transfer of preformed antibodies, such as through immunoglobulin injections. Vaccination does not provide preformed antibodies, so this does not apply.
B. Artificial specific immunity:While vaccines do target specific pathogens, the term is not precise in immunology. Vaccination specifically stimulates the adaptive immune system to produce its own antibodies and memory cells, so a more accurate description is needed.
C. Natural active immunity:Natural active immunity occurs when an individual is exposed to a pathogen naturally and mounts their own immune response. Vaccination provides antigen exposure without natural infection, so it is not natural.
D. Natural passive immunity:Natural passive immunity occurs when antibodies are transferred from mother to child, such as through breast milk. Vaccines do not provide immunity via maternal antibodies.
E. Artificial active immunity:Vaccination introduces antigens into the body, prompting the immune system to produce its own antibodies and memory cells. This is an example of artificial active immunity, as the immunity is actively generated through an artificial intervention.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Lymph nodes:Lymph nodes serve as sites where B lymphocytes encounter antigens and become activated, but they do not confer immunocompetence. They primarily function in filtering lymph and supporting the immune response rather than the initial development of B cells.
B. Spleen:The spleen acts as a secondary lymphoid organ where B cells can encounter blood-borne antigens and participate in immune responses. However, it does not provide the environment for B cells to acquire immunocompetence initially.
C. Thymus:The thymus is essential for T lymphocyte maturation and development of immunocompetence, but it is not involved in B cell maturation. B cells do not pass through the thymus during their development.
D. Bone marrow:B lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the bone marrow, where they undergo differentiation and selection processes to ensure functional antigen receptors. This primary lymphoid organ provides the necessary environment for B cells to acquire the ability to recognize specific antigens before entering circulation.
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