Calculate the flow rate in mL/hr. and Units/hr. (Equipment used is programmable in whole mL/hr and Show all work) Order: 100 mL 0.45% NS in 45 min by infusion pump. Calculate rate in ml/hr

A) Gamma globulin
Gamma globulin is a blood product used to provide passive immunity by supplying antibodies to prevent or treat certain infections. It is not used for digitalis toxicity, so A is incorrect.

B) Cardizem
Cardizem (diltiazem) is a calcium channel blocker primarily used for controlling heart rate and treating conditions such as atrial fibrillation or angina. It is not used as an antidote for digoxin toxicity, so B is incorrect.

C) Protamine
Protamine is a medication used to reverse the effects of heparin, an anticoagulant. It works by neutralizing the anticoagulant activity of heparin, but it is not used to treat digitalis (digoxin) toxicity, so C is incorrect.

D) Digoxin immune fab
Digoxin immune fab is the specific antidote for digoxin toxicity. It consists of antibodies that bind to digoxin molecules, thereby neutralizing their toxic effects on the heart. This antidote is used when a patient exhibits severe symptoms of digoxin toxicity, such as arrhythmias or life-threatening effects on the heart. Therefore, D is the correct answer.

A) The two main purposes for diuretics are to decrease fluid and decrease hypertension (lower blood pressure):
Diuretics primarily work by promoting the excretion of excess sodium and water from the body, which decreases fluid volume. This reduction in fluid volume helps to lower blood pressure, especially in conditions like hypertension and heart failure, where fluid buildup can exacerbate symptoms.

B) The two main purposes are to decrease fluid volume in the tissues and circulation, increasing blood pressure:
The primary purpose of diuretics is to decrease fluid volume, which helps lower blood pressure, not increase it. Diuretics are used to reduce the workload on the heart and the risk of complications like stroke and heart failure by lowering blood pressure and removing excess fluid from the body.

C) The two main purposes of diuretics are to increase fluid in the body and blood pressure:
Diuretics do not increase fluid in the body. In fact, they decrease fluid in the body to help reduce blood pressure. This option contradicts the fundamental mechanism of action of diuretics.

D) The two main purposes of diuretics are to increase circulating fluid and lower blood pressure:
Diuretics do not increase circulating fluid; they decrease it. By promoting the excretion of sodium and water, diuretics decrease the volume of circulating fluid, which is a key factor in lowering blood pressure.