Which method are for administering drugs by parenteral routes? (Select all that apply.)
Subcutaneous
Intramuscular
Via a nasogastric tube
Intradermal
Intravenous
Correct Answer : A,B,D,E
A) Subcutaneous:
The subcutaneous route involves administering medication into the layer of fat and connective tissue beneath the skin. This method is used for drugs that require slower absorption, such as insulin or certain vaccines.
B) Intramuscular:
The intramuscular route involves injecting medication directly into a muscle. This allows for faster absorption compared to subcutaneous injections, making it ideal for drugs that need to be absorbed quickly, such as vaccines or certain antibiotics.
C) Via a nasogastric tube:
Administering drugs via a nasogastric tube is not considered a parenteral route. The nasogastric (NG) tube delivers medications directly into the stomach via the gastrointestinal tract, which is not part of the parenteral system. Parenteral routes are those that bypass the digestive system, like injections.
D) Intradermal:
The intradermal route involves injecting medication just under the skin, in the dermis. This is typically used for allergy testing or tuberculosis screenings. It is a parenteral route because it bypasses the digestive system.
E) Intravenous:
The intravenous route involves injecting medication directly into a vein, offering rapid absorption and fast onset of action. This method is ideal for critical or emergency situations where immediate medication effects are necessary.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A) Transdermal patch:
Transdermal patches are designed for slow, continuous delivery of medication through the skin over a long period of time, typically 24 hours. Although they provide steady medication levels, they do not offer a rapid onset of action. This route is more suitable for long-term control of conditions like angina but is not the fastest for immediate relief.
B) Topical ointment:
Topical ointments are applied to the skin and absorb slowly. While they may have local effects, they are not used for quick systemic effects. In the case of nitroglycerin, topical ointments are generally used for sustained release over several hours and are not intended for immediate relief of chest pain.
C) Suspended release:
Suspended release formulations are designed to release the drug slowly over time. Like transdermal patches, these formulations are meant for long-term management, not for rapid onset. A suspended release formulation of nitroglycerin would not provide the immediate relief that is typically needed in cases of acute angina or chest pain.
D) Sublingual:
The sublingual route provides the most rapid onset of action for nitroglycerin. When nitroglycerin is placed under the tongue, it is absorbed directly into the bloodstream through the mucous membranes of the mouth. This bypasses the digestive system and the liver (first-pass metabolism), allowing the drug to take effect quickly—usually within 1 to 3 minutes—making it ideal for acute relief of chest pain or angina. This route is commonly used for emergencies when rapid relief is needed.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
1. Convert patient weight from pounds to kilograms:
Patient weight (kg) = 152 lb x 0.453592 kg/lb = 68.94 kg
2. Calculate the desired dose in mcg/min:
Desired dose (mcg/min) = 5 mcg/kg/min x 68.94 kg = 344.7 mcg/min
3. Convert mcg/min to mg/min:
Desired dose (mg/min) = 344.7 mcg/min / 1000 mcg/mg = 0.3447 mg/min
4. Calculate the concentration of dobutamine in the solution:
Concentration (mg/mL) = 500 mg / 250 mL = 2 mg/mL
5. Calculate the flow rate in mL/min:
Flow rate (mL/min) = Desired dose (mg/min) / Concentration (mg/mL)
Flow rate (mL/min) = 0.3447 mg/min / 2 mg/mL = 0.17235 mL/min
6. Calculate the flow rate in mL/hr:
Flow rate (mL/hr) = 0.17235 mL/min x 60 min/hr = 10.341 mL/hr
7. Round to the nearest tenth:
Flow rate (mL/hr) = 10.3 mL/hr
Therefore, the correct answer is 10.4 mL/hr
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