During medication administration, which of the following practices demonstrates adherence to patient rights?
Performing the three label checks every time a medication is administered.
Skipping the identification process to save time.
Ignoring time-critical medication schedules.
Administering medication based on verbal orders alone.
The Correct Answer is A
A. Performing the three label checks every time a medication is administered: Checking the medication label against the prescription three times—when retrieving, preparing, and before administering—ensures the right drug, dose, and route are given. This practice upholds patient safety and compliance with the “five rights” of medication administration.
B. Skipping the identification process to save time: Failing to properly identify the patient violates patient rights and increases the risk of medication errors. Proper identification using two identifiers is essential before every medication administration.
C. Ignoring time-critical medication schedules: Medications with narrow therapeutic windows require precise timing to be effective. Ignoring schedules can compromise treatment efficacy and patient safety, violating patient rights.
D. Administering medication based on verbal orders alone: Relying solely on verbal orders increases the risk of miscommunication and errors. Written or electronic orders are required to verify accuracy and maintain accountability, ensuring adherence to patient rights.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Increases the availability of acetylcholine in the brain:Carbidopa-levodopa does not increase acetylcholine. Parkinson’s disease is characterized by a relative excess of acetylcholine compared with dopamine, and treatment aims to restore dopamine, not acetylcholine levels.
B. Increases the availability of serotonin in the brain:Carbidopa-levodopa does not affect serotonin levels. Its mechanism is specific to dopamine replacement to improve motor function in Parkinson’s disease.
C. Increases the availability of dopamine in the brain:Levodopa is converted to dopamine in the brain, replenishing the deficient neurotransmitter in Parkinson’s disease. Carbidopa inhibits peripheral conversion of levodopa, increasing dopamine availability centrally and reducing side effects like nausea.
D. Increases the availability of norepinephrine in the brain:Carbidopa-levodopa does not directly increase norepinephrine. Its therapeutic effect is primarily through enhancing central dopamine concentrations to improve motor symptoms.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Corticosteroids increase the immune response and enhance inflammation, aggravating symptoms:Corticosteroids inhibit multiple inflammatory pathways rather than stimulating them. Increasing immune activity would worsen mucosal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. This mechanism is opposite to the therapeutic goal of corticosteroid therapy.
B. Corticosteroids balance electrolytes and water in the body, improving gut motility:Although corticosteroids can affect fluid and electrolyte balance as a side effect, this is not the therapeutic mechanism in inflammatory bowel disease. Symptom relief occurs through anti-inflammatory effects on the intestinal mucosa.
C. Corticosteroids suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation, helping to improve symptoms in inflammatory bowel disease:Corticosteroids decrease leukocyte migration and inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators in the intestinal wall. Reduced inflammation leads to decreased edema, ulceration, and mucosal damage. This mechanism helps control disease flares and improve clinical symptoms.
D. Corticosteroids increase the production of proinflammatory cytokines, improving symptoms in inflammatory bowel disease:Corticosteroids reduce the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukins and tumor necrosis factor. Increasing cytokine production would intensify intestinal inflammation.
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