Emphysema can lead to which of the following?

A. Smoking: Correctly known to be teratogenic; can lead to low birth weight, preterm birth, and other anomalies.
B. Alcohol: Highly teratogenic; causes fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
C. Infectious diseases: Examples like rubella and Zika are known teratogens.
D. Sunlight: Normal sunlight exposure is not teratogenic; only excessive UV exposure may pose skin risks, not fetal deformities.
E. X-rays: Ionizing radiation is teratogenic, especially in early pregnancy.

A. Liver: The liver is a large, reddish-brown organ in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, just beneath the diaphragm. If the diagram is pointing to this area, especially the largest solid organ on the right side, it matches the liver’s location and size.

B. Stomach: The stomach is located mainly in the left upper quadrant, inferior to the diaphragm and to the left of the liver. It is smaller and has a J-shaped structure, so it would not match if the pointer is on the large right-sided organ.

C. Spleen: The spleen is located in the left upper quadrant, lateral to the stomach and posterior to the rib cage. It is much smaller than the liver and not in the right-sided position indicated.

D. Diaphragm: The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. If the pointer is on the muscle just beneath the lungs, it would be the diaphragm, but here it’s on a large organ, not a muscle.