Exhibits

For each statement, click to indicate whether the statements by the student nurse indicate understanding or no understanding of naloxone. Each row must have one option selected.

A. Refer the client to the healthcare provider at the clinic to obtain a medication prescription: Oseltamivir is an antiviral medication that requires a prescription. Early initiation, ideally within 48 hours of symptom onset, can reduce the severity and duration of influenza, making prompt referral essential.

B. Explain to the client that antibiotics are not useful in treating viral infections such as influenza: While this is true, it does not address the client’s question about oseltamivir, which is an antiviral, not an antibiotic.

C. Instruct the client that over-the-counter medications are sufficient to manage influenza symptoms: Over-the-counter meds can help alleviate symptoms but do not treat the viral infection itself. Oseltamivir can shorten illness duration if started early, so OTC meds alone may not be sufficient.

D. Advise the client that once symptoms occur it is too late to receive an influenza vaccination: Vaccination is preventative and should be given before exposure or illness onset. However, this response does not address treatment options once symptoms have started.

• Anticholinergic: Anticholinergics work by blocking the parasympathetic nervous system to cause bronchodilation, but albuterol is not in this class. These drugs, such as ipratropium, are used as bronchodilators but act differently from albuterol.
• Leukotriene receptor antagonist: Leukotriene receptor antagonists, like montelukast, reduce inflammation and airway edema by blocking leukotriene pathways. Albuterol does not have this mechanism and primarily targets airway smooth muscle.
• Beta adrenergic agonist: Albuterol is a beta adrenergic agonist that stimulates beta-2 receptors on airway smooth muscle, causing relaxation and rapid bronchodilation. This action helps relieve bronchospasm in asthma exacerbations.
• Bronchospasm: Albuterol decreases bronchospasm by relaxing the smooth muscles lining the bronchioles, which reduces airway constriction and improves airflow. This effect provides quick relief of wheezing and shortness of breath.
• Inflammation: While inflammation is a major component of asthma, albuterol does not directly decrease inflammation; anti-inflammatory drugs like corticosteroids target this process.
• Airway edema: Airway edema contributes to airway narrowing, but albuterol’s main action is to relieve muscle constriction rather than reduce edema. Other medications address inflammation and swelling.