Exhibits

The nurse prepares the client for discharge and educates him on his new prescription.

Which possible side effects of fluticasone should the nurse advise the client about? Select all that apply.

A. Drink a liter of water daily: While maintaining hydration is generally important, there is no specific requirement to drink exactly one liter of water daily related to metronidazole therapy. Encouraging adequate fluid intake is good, but it is not unique to this medication.

B. Keep medication refrigerated: Metronidazole tablets do not require refrigeration and should be stored at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Advising refrigeration could lead to improper storage and potential medication degradation.

C. Avoid the use of alcohol: Metronidazole can cause a severe disulfiram-like reaction when combined with alcohol, leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, flushing, and headache. Clients must avoid alcohol during treatment and for at least 48 hours afterward.

D. Take one hour after eating: Metronidazole absorption is not significantly affected by food, and it can be taken with or without meals. This instruction is unnecessary and could complicate adherence.

Non opioid analgesic: Morphine is not a non-opioid analgesic; drugs in this category, like acetaminophen or NSAIDs, work through different pathways and do not bind opioid receptors.

Partial opioid agonist: Partial opioid agonists activate opioid receptors but with limited effect, often producing less analgesia and sometimes antagonistic effects. Morphine fully activates opioid receptors, producing stronger effects.

Pure opioid agonist: Morphine is a pure opioid agonist, meaning it fully stimulates opioid receptors, especially mu receptors, resulting in potent analgesia, sedation, and respiratory depression.

Mu: Morphine primarily activates mu opioid receptors, which are responsible for pain relief, sedation, euphoria, and respiratory depression. These receptors are the main targets for opioid analgesia.

Dopamine: Dopamine receptors regulate reward, motivation, and motor function. Morphine does not directly activate dopamine receptors as part of its mechanism for pain relief.

Muscarinic: Muscarinic receptors are involved in parasympathetic nervous system functions. Morphine does not act directly on these receptors for analgesic effects.

Chronic neuropathic pain: While morphine may be used in some chronic pain situations, neuropathic pain often responds better to other medications such as anticonvulsants or antidepressants due to differing pain mechanisms.

Mild inflammatory pain: Mild inflammatory pain is usually treated with non-opioid analgesics like NSAIDs. Morphine is generally reserved for moderate to severe pain levels.

Acute postoperative pain: Morphine is commonly used to manage acute postoperative pain because of its strong analgesic properties effective against nociceptive pain caused by surgery or injury.