A client is receiving metronidazole for Clostridium difficile pseudomembranous colitis. Which information should the nurse include in this client's medication teaching plan?

Keep medication refrigerated.

Drink a liter of water daily.

Take one hour after eating.

Avoid the use of alcohol.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A) Keep medication refrigerated:
Metronidazole tablets do not typically require refrigeration. Storing the medication at room temperature is usually sufficient. Refrigeration may not be necessary and could potentially lead to confusion or unnecessary inconvenience for the client.

B) Drink a liter of water daily:
While maintaining hydration is generally important for overall health, there's no specific requirement to drink a liter of water daily solely because of metronidazole therapy. However, encouraging adequate fluid intake is beneficial to prevent dehydration, especially if diarrhea is present due to Clostridium difficile infection.

C) Take one hour after eating:
Metronidazole can be taken with or without food. It's generally well tolerated with food to reduce gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea. However, taking it with food or on an empty stomach does not significantly affect its effectiveness.

D) Avoid the use of alcohol:
This is the correct answer. Consuming alcohol while taking metronidazole can lead to a disulfiram-like reaction, characterized by symptoms such as flushing, headache, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps. This reaction occurs because metronidazole inhibits the breakdown of acetaldehyde, leading to its accumulation in the body when alcohol is consumed. Therefore, it's crucial to advise clients to abstain from alcohol during metronidazole therapy and for at least 48 hours after completing the course of treatment.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Worsening headache:
This option is correct. Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), acts to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys, thereby reducing urine output. However, excessive administration of vasopressin can lead to vasoconstriction, which may result in increased intracranial pressure and subsequent headaches. Therefore, worsening headache can be indicative of vasopressin overdose or adverse effects, and it should be promptly reported to the healthcare provider for evaluation and appropriate management.

B) Polyuria:
Polyuria, or excessive urine output, is the opposite effect of vasopressin. While diabetes insipidus is characterized by polyuria due to insufficient ADH secretion or renal responsiveness to ADH, administering vasopressin should decrease urine output. Therefore, polyuria would not be expected as a side effect of vasopressin administration.

C) Polydipsia:
Polydipsia, or excessive thirst, is also a symptom of diabetes insipidus but is not typically associated with vasopressin administration. Vasopressin functions to decrease urine output and, consequently, reduce thirst. Therefore, polydipsia would not be expected as a side effect of vasopressin administration.

D) Low urine specific gravity:
Vasopressin administration is expected to increase urine specific gravity by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to more concentrated urine. Therefore, low urine specific gravity would not be an expected side effect of vasopressin administration.

A. Sodium level 140 mEq/L (140 mmol/L). B. Total calcium level 12 mEq/L (3 mmol/L). C. Total bilirubin 4 mg/dL (68.4 μmol/L). D. Serum glucose 170 mg/dL (9.4 mmol/L).

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) Sodium level 140 mEq/L (140 mmol/L):
The sodium level within the reference range does not indicate a vitamin D overdose. Sodium levels are typically not affected by vitamin D overdose.

B) Total calcium level 12 mg/dL (3 mmol/L):
This finding suggests a possible vitamin D overdose. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in calcium absorption from the intestines. Excessive vitamin D intake can lead to increased calcium absorption, resulting in hypercalcemia. Elevated calcium levels can lead to various symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, weakness, and confusion. Monitoring calcium levels is essential in individuals with suspected vitamin D overdose.

C) Total bilirubin 4 mg/dL (68.4 μmol/L):
Elevated bilirubin levels typically indicate liver dysfunction or hemolysis. It is not directly related to vitamin D overdose.

D) Serum glucose 170 mg/dL (9.4 mmol/L):
Elevated glucose levels suggest hyperglycemia, which can occur due to various factors such as diabetes mellitus or stress response. It is not directly related to vitamin D overdose.

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A client is receiving metronidazole for Clostridium difficile pseudomembranous colitis. Which information should the nurse include in this client's medication teaching plan?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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