Exhibits
The practical nurse (PN) notifies the healthcare provider that the client continues to have signs of fluid volume deficit. The health care provider prescribes a continuous infusion of isotonic fluids.
Which fluid(s) is/are classified as isotonic? Select all that apply.
50% dextrose
0.45% sodium chloride
20% dextrose
5% dextrose
5% dextrose with 0.45% sodium chloride
5% dextrose with lactated Ringer's
lactated Ringer's
0.9% sodium chloride
Correct Answer : G,H
A. 50% dextrose
50% dextrose is not isotonic; it is a hypertonic solution. Hypertonic solutions have a higher concentration of solutes compared to the cells, causing water to move out of the cells and into the extracellular space, which does not treat fluid volume deficit effectively.
B. 0.45% sodium chloride
0.45% sodium chloride, also known as half-normal saline, is a hypotonic solution. Hypotonic solutions have a lower concentration of solutes compared to the cells, which would cause water to move into the cells rather than stay in the extracellular space to address fluid volume deficit.
C. 20% dextrose
20% dextrose is a hypertonic solution. It contains a higher concentration of dextrose compared to the extracellular fluid, which draws water into the extracellular space but is not used for treating fluid volume deficits.
D. 5% dextrose
5% dextrose (D5W) is initially isotonic but becomes hypotonic once metabolized, as the dextrose is used up and only water remains. It is not suitable for continuous isotonic fluid therapy for fluid volume deficit.
E. 5% dextrose with 0.45% sodium chloride
5% dextrose with 0.45% sodium chloride is a hypertonic solution. While it starts isotonic, it becomes hypotonic once the dextrose is metabolized, making it unsuitable for long-term isotonic fluid replacement.
F. 5% dextrose with lactated Ringer's
5% dextrose with lactated Ringer's is a hypertonic solution. It contains both dextrose and electrolytes, which are not purely isotonic and may not be ideal for addressing fluid volume deficits on their own.
G. Lactated Ringer's
Lactated Ringer's is an isotonic solution. It has a similar osmolarity to plasma and is used for fluid volume replacement, helping to restore blood volume and maintain electrolyte balance.
H. 0.9% sodium chloride
0.9% sodium chloride, or normal saline, is an isotonic solution. It has the same osmolarity as plasma and is commonly used for fluid volume replacement and maintaining hydration
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Re-assessing the client’s temperature is important but not the priority action since the client is currently afebrile and the cough with yellow sputum could indicate an infection or other condition needing immediate attention.
B. Notifying the charge nurse of the assessment findings is the priority because the yellow-tinged sputum in a client receiving chemotherapy might indicate an infection or complication that requires further investigation and possible intervention.
C. Measuring and recording intake and output is important for overall fluid balance but does not address the immediate concern of a productive cough with potential infection.
D. Providing regular oral hygiene is part of general care but does not address the potential underlying cause of the productive cough and yellow-tinged sputum.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Intense cravings are a common symptom of cocaine withdrawal. Individuals withdrawing from cocaine often experience strong urges to use the drug again, as their bodies adjust to the absence of the substance.
B. Hyperactivity is more characteristic of cocaine intoxication rather than withdrawal. During withdrawal, individuals are more likely to experience fatigue and lethargy.
C. Being talkative is associated with cocaine use, not withdrawal. Cocaine stimulates the central nervous system, leading to increased talkativeness during intoxication, but withdrawal often involves a reduction in energy and social engagement.
D. Elation is a symptom of cocaine intoxication. During withdrawal, individuals are more likely to feel dysphoric, anxious, or depressed rather than elated.
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