Fibromyalgia is a chronic musculoskeletal disorder characterized by which of the following manifestations?

A. Edema: Edema refers to the accumulation of fluid in the tissues, often causing swelling. It does not involve a clot blocking blood flow and is not specific to the pulmonary circulation.

B. Bronchiectasis: Bronchiectasis is a chronic condition characterized by abnormal dilation of the bronchi, leading to mucus accumulation and recurrent infections. It does not involve obstruction of pulmonary blood flow by a clot.

C. COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a chronic lung disease that includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis, causing airflow limitation. It does not involve acute blockage of the pulmonary vasculature by a clot.

D. Embolus: An embolus is a blood clot, air bubble, fat, or other substance that travels through the bloodstream and lodges in a vessel. A pulmonary embolus specifically refers to a clot obstructing blood flow to the lungs, causing sudden chest pain, dyspnea, and potential hypoxia.

E. Tuberculosis: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs. It does not involve acute vascular obstruction or formation of blood clots.

A. Inflammation of synovial membranes: While mild inflammation may occur in osteoarthritis, it is not the primary identifying factor. Significant synovial membrane inflammation is more characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis rather than osteoarthritis.

B. Proximal joints involved: Osteoarthritis most commonly affects distal joints such as the knees, hips, and hands, rather than proximal joints like shoulders or elbows. Joint involvement pattern helps differentiate it from other arthropathies.

C. Crepitus with movement: Crepitus, a grating or crackling sensation felt during joint movement, is a hallmark feature of osteoarthritis. It results from roughened cartilage surfaces and bone-on-bone contact, making it a key identifying sign.

D. Stiffness in morning: Morning stiffness is generally brief in osteoarthritis, typically lasting less than 30 minutes. Prolonged morning stiffness is more indicative of inflammatory arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis.

E. Symmetric involvement: Osteoarthritis often affects joints asymmetrically. Symmetric joint involvement is more typical of rheumatoid arthritis and is not a distinguishing feature of osteoarthritis.