For the following substances, indicate if they are typically filtered by the glomerulus or not:
Sodium ions
Fatty acids
Clotting factors
The Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"B"},"C":{"answers":"B"}}
A. Sodium ions (Filtered): These small monovalent cations pass freely through the fenestrations and slit diaphragms of the filtration membrane. Their concentration in the initial filtrate is nearly identical to that of the plasma. This allows the tubules to later regulate their total body balance.
B. Fatty acids (Not filtered): In the plasma, long-chain fatty acids are predominantly bound to albumin for transport. Because albumin is restricted by the glomerular basement membrane and negative charge, the associated fatty acids are also excluded. They are too large or protein-bound for filtration.
C. Clotting factors (Not filtered): Most coagulation factors are large plasma proteins, such as fibrinogen, synthesized by the liver. Their high molecular weight and complex structure prevent them from passing through the glomerular sieve. The presence of such proteins in urine indicates significant glomerular pathology.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
B. False: The Na+/K+ ATPase pump is localized exclusively to the basolateral membrane of renal tubular epithelial cells. It maintains a low intracellular sodium concentration, which drives secondary active transport of glucose via SGLT proteins on the apical side. It does not transport glucose.
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"C"}
Explanation
A. Na+/Ca2+: This exchanger is more common in cardiac myocytes and some distal tubule segments for calcium regulation. It is not the primary mechanism for bulk electrolyte reabsorption in the thick ascending limb. The loop segment requires a more robust transporter for multiple ions.
B. Na+/H+: While this exchanger is highly active in the proximal convoluted tubule for acid-base balance, it is not the defining transporter of the loop. The thick ascending limb specializes in concentrated solute removal to dilute the urine. It utilizes a more complex electroneutral symporter.
C. Na+/K+/2CI-: This specific symporter (NKCC2) transports one sodium, one potassium, and two chloride ions from the lumen into the cell. It is the primary target for loop diuretics like furosemide. This mechanism is essential for creating the hypertonic medullary interstitium.
D. Na+/K+: This refers to the primary active transport pump (ATPase) located on the basolateral membrane of almost all renal cells. While it provides the driving gradient, it is not the cotransporter that moves ions from the lumen. The luminal entry step specifically requires the NKCC2 symporter.
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