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For the nurse to provide effective gerontological care, the crucial basis for deciding care needs is:

medical diagnosis

activities of daily living

community resources,

functional assessment.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Medical diagnosis

Important, but does not reflect the individual's day-to-day abilities and care needs.

B. Activities of daily living (ADLs)

ADLs are part of a functional assessment but not comprehensive alone.

C. Community resources

Help support care but are not the primary basis for determining care needs.

D. Functional assessment

Evaluates the older adult's ability to perform ADLs and instrumental ADLs, guiding personalized care planning.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Glaucoma

In glaucoma, peripheral vision is lost first, so people look straight ahead and miss things to the side. Not consistent with looking out of the corner of the eyes.

B. Cataracts

Cataracts cause overall blurry vision, not central vision loss. People may complain of glare or faded colors.

C. Macular degeneration

Involves loss of central vision, leading the person to use peripheral vision (look from the corner of the eye) and hold objects very close.

D. Presbyopia

Affects the ability to focus on near objects, common with aging, but does not cause the person to use peripheral vision.

A. Accelerated loss of neurons in the brain B. Increased conduction speed of neurons C. Decrease of short-term memory D. Gradually declining loss of intellectual capability

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Accelerated loss of neurons in the brain

Neuron loss occurs gradually. "Accelerated" implies rapid degeneration, which would be pathological, not normal aging.

B. Increased conduction speed of neurons

This is incorrect; aging is associated with decreased conduction speed due to demyelination and slower synaptic transmission.

C. Decrease of short-term memory

Short-term memory loss is a common age-related change in cognition, even in healthy aging.

D. Gradually declining loss of intellectual capability

While processing speed may decline, intellectual capacity (such as vocabulary and long-term memory) is generally preserved in normal aging.

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