How does the nervous system influence endocrine responses via the hypothalamus?
By altering the pH of the blood.
By increasing blood flow to endocrine organs.
By releasing hormones that regulate the pituitary gland.
By directly stimulating adrenal cortex hormone release.
The Correct Answer is C
A. By altering the pH of the blood.: The nervous system does not regulate endocrine responses by changing blood pH as a primary mechanism.
B. By increasing blood flow to endocrine organs.: While blood flow can influence hormone delivery, direct neural control of endocrine responses is primarily mediated via hypothalamic signaling rather than blood-flow changes.
C. By releasing hormones that regulate the pituitary gland.: The hypothalamus (a neural structure) secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones that regulate anterior pituitary secretion and sends neural signals to the posterior pituitary.
D. By directly stimulating adrenal cortex hormone release.: Direct neural stimulation primarily affects the adrenal medulla (catecholamine release); adrenal cortex activation is mostly hormonal via ACTH from the pituitary.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH):TSH is secreted by the anterior pituitary and targets the thyroid gland to stimulate thyroid hormone production, not the adrenal cortex.
B. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH):ACTH is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids such as cortisol.
C. Growth hormone (GH):GH is secreted by the anterior pituitary and primarily acts on growth and metabolic processes, not directly to stimulate the adrenal cortex.
D. Prolactin:Prolactin is secreted by the anterior pituitary and primarily stimulates milk production in the mammary glands rather than the adrenal cortex.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol.:Steroid hormones originate from cholesterol and share a characteristic four-ring structure derived from that precursor.
B. Steroid hormones are composed of nucleotides.:Nucleotides make up nucleic acids (DNA/RNA); they are not the building blocks of steroid hormones.
C. Steroid hormones are composed of fatty acids.:Steroid hormones are lipid molecules derived from cholesterol rather than straight-chain fatty acids.
D. Steroid hormones are composed of amino acids.:Amino acids form peptide hormones and proteins, not steroid hormones.
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