If a muscle is spindle-shaped with parallel fibers, the muscle fiber pattern is classified:
bipennate
fusiform
multipennate
circular
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Bipennate muscles have fibers arranged on both sides of a central tendon, resembling a feather. They are not spindle-shaped and do not have parallel fibers.
Choice B reason: Fusiform muscles are spindle-shaped with parallel fibers that taper at both ends. This structure allows for efficient force generation along the length of the muscle, such as in the biceps brachii.
Choice C reason: Multipennate muscles have multiple rows of fibers attached to a central tendon. They are not spindle-shaped and are typically found in muscles requiring high force output, like the deltoid.
Choice D reason: Circular muscles have fibers arranged in concentric rings, typically found around openings such as the mouth or eyes. They are not spindle-shaped and do not have parallel fibers.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Elasticity refers to the ability of muscle tissue to return to its original shape after being stretched or contracted. It is a fundamental property of muscle.
Choice B reason: Extensibility is the ability of muscle to be stretched without being damaged. This allows muscles to accommodate movement and joint flexibility.
Choice C reason: Excitability is the ability of muscle cells to respond to stimuli, typically from the nervous system. This property is essential for initiating contraction.
Choice D reason: Secretion is not a property of muscle tissue. It refers to the release of substances from glands or cells, such as hormones or enzymes, and is not involved in muscle function.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: This choice confuses metabolic processes with mechanical muscle activity. While creatine phosphate and ATP are essential for muscle contraction, their resynthesis is not specific to isotonic contraction. These energy molecules are replenished during recovery phases and are not the defining feature of isotonic contractions.
Choice B reason: This describes isometric contraction, not isotonic. In isometric contractions, the muscle generates force without changing its length—such as holding a plank position. Isotonic contractions, by contrast, involve a change in muscle length.
Choice C reason: This is the correct answer. Isotonic contractions involve the muscle changing length while maintaining constant tension. There are two types: concentric (muscle shortens) and eccentric (muscle lengthens). These contractions are typical in dynamic movements like lifting or lowering weights.
Choice D reason: This is incorrect. Muscles do not remain relaxed during isotonic contractions. Instead, they actively contract and generate force to produce movement. Passive relaxation does not contribute to the mechanics of isotonic contraction.
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