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If a patient has proteinuria, which part of the nephron is likely damaged?

A.

Collecting duct

B.

Glomerulus

C.

Distal convoluted tubule

D.

Loop of Henle

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Collecting duct: The collecting duct handles water and electrolyte fine-tuning, not large molecule filtration.

B. Glomerulus: The glomerular filtration membrane acts as a sieve. Normally, it is too fine to allow large proteins (like albumin) to pass. If protein is in the urine, it indicates the glomerular "sieve" is damaged.

C. Distal convoluted tubule: This part of the nephron deals with secretion and reabsorption of ions, not protein filtration.

D. Loop of Henle: This area focuses on the concentration of urine through salt and water transport.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Collecting duct: This structure is primarily involved in the final concentration of urine and the reabsorption of water under the influence of ADH.

B. Glomerulus: The glomerulus is responsible for the filtration of blood, not the reabsorption of nutrients.

C. Loop of Henle: The Loop of Henle is primarily responsible for creating an osmotic gradient to concentrate urine, mostly involving water and salt.

D. Proximal convoluted tubule: The PCT is the "workhorse" of the nephron; it reabsorbs nearly 100% of glucose and amino acids, and about 65% of water and electrolytes.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Antidiuretic hormone: ADH (vasopressin) is secreted by the posterior pituitary and acts on the kidneys to regulate water retention, not red blood cell production.

B. Renin: Renin is an enzyme secreted by the kidneys that starts the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) to regulate blood pressure.

C. Aldosterone: Aldosterone is a hormone from the adrenal cortex that causes the kidneys to retain sodium and water to increase blood pressure.

D. Erythropoietin: Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone produced by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels (hypoxia). It travels to the bone marrow to stimulate the production of red blood cells (erythropoiesis).

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