If a patient’s insurance company declines to cover the cost of a brand-name drug, which version of the drug will the patient likely receive instead?

Generic version

Over-the-counter version

Imported version

Compounded version

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale:

Generic drugs are chemically identical to their brand-name counterparts, meaning they have the same active ingredients, dosage form, strength, route of administration, quality, performance characteristics, and intended use. They are considered therapeutically equivalent to brand-name drugs by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Here are the key reasons why a patient would likely receive a generic version if the insurance company declines to cover the brand-name drug:

Cost: Generic drugs are significantly less expensive than brand-name drugs. This is because generic drug manufacturers do not have to repeat the extensive research and development costs associated with the original brand-name drug. They can enter the market after the brand-name drug's patent expires, leading to substantial cost savings.

Insurance Coverage: Insurance companies often have preferred drug lists (formularies) that prioritize generic drugs due to their cost-effectiveness. If a brand-name drug is not on the formulary or requires a high co-pay, the insurance company may encourage or even require the use of a generic alternative to manage costs.

Availability: Generic drugs are often widely available in pharmacies, making them readily accessible to patients. This availability further contributes to their cost-effectiveness and convenience.

I'm unable to provide lengthy rationales for the other choices as they are not relevant to the correct answer.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Loosening the tape gently by pressing the skin away from it is an important step in changing a burn dressing. However, it is not the first intervention that should be performed. This is because removing the tape can be painful, and it is important to ensure that the patient is adequately pain-free before proceeding.

Choice B rationale:

Observing the wound bed for the presence of granulation tissue is also an important part of burn care. Granulation tissue is a sign of healing, and its presence indicates that the wound is progressing as expected. However, this assessment is not the first priority when changing a dressing. Pain management should always be addressed first.

Choice D rationale:

Gently irrigating the wound using sterile normal saline is another important step in burn care. Irrigation helps to cleanse the wound and remove any debris or dead tissue. However, it should not be performed until the patient's pain has been adequately controlled.

Choice C rationale:

Administering pain medication 30 minutes beforehand is the most important first intervention when changing a painful burn dressing. This allows time for the medication to take effect and ensure that the patient is comfortable before the dressing change begins. Pain management is crucial in burn care, as it can help to reduce anxiety, promote healing, and improve patient outcomes.

A. Hypovolemia B. Poorly controlled blood glucose levels C. Protein deficiency D. Adequate hydration E. Routine ambulation F. Steroid therapy G. Obesity H. Vitamin C supplementation

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","F","G"]

Explanation

Rationale for each choice:

Choice A: Hypovolemia

Impaired perfusion: Hypovolemia, or a decrease in circulating blood volume, leads to reduced blood flow to the wound site. This means that less oxygen and nutrients are delivered to the tissues, which are essential for healing processes like cell growth and collagen synthesis.

Impaired oxygen delivery: Oxygen is crucial for white blood cells to fight infection and for fibroblasts to create new tissue. Hypovolemia can significantly hinder wound healing by reducing oxygen availability at the wound site.

Delayed inflammatory response: The inflammatory phase of wound healing relies on adequate blood flow to deliver immune cells and initiate tissue repair. Hypovolemia can delay this response, leading to prolonged inflammation and delayed healing.

Decreased fibroblast activity: Fibroblasts, the cells responsible for collagen production, require oxygen and nutrients to function effectively. Hypovolemia can impair fibroblast activity, leading to reduced collagen synthesis and delayed wound closure.

Choice B: Poorly controlled blood glucose levels

Impaired immune function: High blood glucose levels impair the function of white blood cells, making the body more susceptible to infections. Infections at the wound site can significantly delay healing.

Impaired collagen synthesis: Hyperglycemia can also impair collagen synthesis, which is essential for wound strength and closure.

Vascular damage: Chronically high blood glucose levels can damage blood vessels, leading to impaired blood flow and oxygen delivery to the wound site, further hindering healing.

Choice C: Protein deficiency

Impaired collagen synthesis: Protein is a crucial building block for collagen, the main structural protein in connective tissue. A lack of protein can lead to reduced collagen production, resulting in delayed wound healing and weaker scar tissue.

Impaired immune function: Protein is also essential for immune cell function. A deficiency can impair the body's ability to fight infections, increasing the risk of wound complications.

Choice D: Adequate hydration

Incorrect: Staying well-hydrated supports the body’s healing process by ensuring proper blood flow and nutrient transport, thus it does not impede wound healing.

Choice E: Routine ambulation

Incorrect: Early ambulation after surgery promotes healing by improving circulation and reducing the risk of complications like blood clots, making it beneficial rather than harmful.

Choice F: Steroid therapy

Immunosuppressive effects: Steroids suppress the immune system, making the body less able to fight infections and hindering the inflammatory phase of wound healing.

Decreased collagen synthesis: Steroids can also decrease collagen synthesis, leading to weaker wound tissue and delayed closure.

Choice G: Obesity

Impaired blood flow: Excess adipose tissue can compress blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the wound site and impairing oxygen and nutrient delivery.

Increased inflammation: Adipose tissue produces inflammatory cytokines, which can prolong the inflammatory phase of wound healing and delay tissue repair.

Higher risk of infection: The folds of skin in obese individuals can create moist environments that are more prone to bacterial growth and infection.

Choice H: Vitamin C supplementation

Incorrect: Vitamin C plays a key role in collagen formation and tissue repair, so it supports rather than hinders wound healing.

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If a patient’s insurance company declines to cover the cost of a brand-name drug, which version of the drug will the patient likely receive instead?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

What is the first intervention of the nurse for changing the dressing to a painful burn?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A postoperative abdominal surgery patient has been admitted to the surgical floor. The nurse is aware that wound healing is delayed due to complications. Which conditions would prevent normal wound healing at the surgical site? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","F","G"]

Explanation

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