In a patient with suspected meningitis, which system is directly affected?
Central nervous system
Enteric nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
The Correct Answer is A
A. Central nervous system: Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges - the protective membranes (dura, arachnoid, pia) that surround the brain and spinal cord, which are components of the central nervous system (CNS). Symptoms (fever, headache, neck stiffness, photophobia, altered mental status) reflect CNS involvement.
B. Enteric nervous system: The enteric nervous system is localized to the gastrointestinal tract and controls gut function; it is not the site of pathology in meningitis.
C. Autonomic nervous system: While severe CNS infection can secondarily affect autonomic functions (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure), the primary site of meningitis is the CNS meninges, not the autonomic nervous system itself.
D. Peripheral nervous system: The peripheral nervous system is composed of peripheral nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis directly affects the CNS coverings, not the peripheral nerves (unless there are rare complications that secondarily involve peripheral nerves).
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. To line and support the abdominal cavity and its organs:The peritoneum is a serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity (parietal peritoneum) and covers most of the intra-abdominal organs (visceral peritoneum). It supports the organs, holds them in place, and secretes serous fluid to reduce friction during movement (like digestion).
B. To secrete hormones that regulate metabolism:This is the primary function of the endocrine system (e.g., thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands), not the peritoneal membrane.
C. To facilitate gas exchange in the lungs:Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs. The membrane lining the thoracic cavity and lungs is the pleura, not the peritoneum.
D. To protect the brain and spinal cord:The protective membranes covering the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) are collectively called the meninges(dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater).
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Providing energy:Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is the body’s preferred and most efficient fuel source for cellular respiration (ATP production), especially for the brain and muscles during exercise.
B. Building tissues:While some carbohydrates are found in cell markers, the primary "building blocks" of body tissues (muscles, skin, organs) are proteins.
C. Regulating hormones:While some hormones are glycoproteins, the major class of molecules used to synthesize steroid hormones are lipids (specifically cholesterol), and many others are protein-based.
D. Insulating organs:Thermal insulation and physical cushioning of organs is the primary function of lipids (adipose tissue/fat).
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