In an individual experiencing dehydration, which hormone is primarily responsible for conserving water?
Insulin
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Aldosterone
Thyroxine
The Correct Answer is B
A. Insulin: Insulin regulates blood glucose levels and promotes cellular uptake of glucose. It has no role in water conservation or fluid balance.
B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH): ADH (also called vasopressin) is released by the posterior pituitary in response to increased plasma osmolality or dehydration.
ADH increases water reabsorption in the kidneys by making the renal collecting ducts more permeable to water. This conserves water, concentrates urine, and restores fluid balance.
C. Aldosterone: Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys. While water follows sodium, its primary role is electrolyte regulation, not direct water conservation like ADH.
D. Thyroxine: Thyroxine (T4) is a thyroid hormone regulating metabolism, energy production, and growth. It does not regulate body water balance.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Providing energy:Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is the body’s preferred and most efficient fuel source for cellular respiration (ATP production), especially for the brain and muscles during exercise.
B. Building tissues:While some carbohydrates are found in cell markers, the primary "building blocks" of body tissues (muscles, skin, organs) are proteins.
C. Regulating hormones:While some hormones are glycoproteins, the major class of molecules used to synthesize steroid hormones are lipids (specifically cholesterol), and many others are protein-based.
D. Insulating organs:Thermal insulation and physical cushioning of organs is the primary function of lipids (adipose tissue/fat).
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Absorbing nutrients:Absorption is the primary function of the small intestine (specifically the jejunum and ileum), where nutrients pass through the villi into the bloodstream.
B. Storing glycogen:Glycogen storage primarily occurs in the liver and skeletal muscles. While the pancreas produces the hormones (insulin/glucagon) that tell these organs to store or release glycogen, the pancreas does not store it itself.
C. Producing bile:Bile production is the specific function of the liver. The gallbladder stores it, and the pancreas has nothing to do with bile production.
D. Secreting digestive enzymes:The pancreas has a crucial exocrine function where it produces "pancreatic juice." This cocktail contains powerful enzymes-amylase (for carbs), lipase (for fats), and proteases (for proteins)-which are released into the small intestine to break down food.
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