Which anatomical term is used to describe a structure closer to the head?
Distal
Superior
Inferior
Proximal
The Correct Answer is B
A. Distal: Distal means farther from the point of attachment or farther from the trunk/center of the body (used for limbs). It does not indicate “closer to the head.”
B. Superior: Superior (also called cranial) means toward the head or upper part of a structure - i.e., closer to the head.
C. Inferior: Inferior means below or toward the feet - farther from the head. It is the opposite of superior.
D. Proximal: Proximal means nearer to the point of attachment to the trunk or nearer to the origin of a structure (used for limbs). It does not mean closer to the head unless the trunk/attachment happens to be superior, so this term is not the correct general term for “closer to the head.”
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Frontal plane:The frontal plane (also called the coronal plane) divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions. It does not separate right and left halves.
B. Coronal plane:The coronal plane is synonymous with the frontal plane and divides the body into front and back. Therefore it is not the plane that separates right and left.
C. Transverse plane:The transverse (horizontal) plane divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts. It does not create right and left halves.
D. Sagittal plane:The sagittal plane divides the body into right and left portions. A midsagittal (median) plane produces equal right and left halves; a parasagittal plane produces unequal right and left portions.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. By dilating blood vessels and increasing sweat production: This is the primary cooling response. Vasodilation of cutaneous blood vessels increases blood flow to the skin to dissipate heat; sweating and subsequent evaporation remove heat from the body surface. Together these actions lower core temperature and restore homeostasis.
B. By increasing metabolic rate: Increasing metabolic rate would produce more heat, which would worsen hyperthermia rather than cool the body. Metabolic rate typically increases during exercise (which raises temperature), but it is not a homeostatic response to reduce body temperature.
C. By decreasing the heart rate:During exercise, heart rate increases to meet oxygen demand; decreasing heart rate would impair heat dissipation and cardiovascular support for exercise. It is not a thermoregulatory mechanism to cool the body.
D. By constricting blood vessels and reducing sweat production:Vasoconstriction and reduced sweating conserve heat and reduce heat loss - an appropriate response in cold stress, not when body temperature is elevated. This would counteract cooling and worsen hyperthermia.
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