Removal of the __________ would be more harmful to a one-year-old child than an adult.
lymph node
appendix
palatine tonsil
spleen
thymus
The Correct Answer is E
A. Lymph node: Lymph nodes are important for filtering lymph and mounting immune responses, but their removal does not typically cause severe harm because other nodes can compensate, even in young children.
B. Appendix: The appendix contains lymphoid tissue but is not essential for immune function. Its removal rarely causes significant immunologic compromise at any age.
C. Palatine tonsil: Tonsils contribute to local immune defense in the oral and pharyngeal region, but their removal in young children is usually well tolerated, with other lymphoid tissues compensating.
D. Spleen: The spleen is important for filtering blood and responding to certain pathogens, particularly encapsulated bacteria. While removal increases infection risk, children can often survive post-splenectomy with vaccinations and prophylaxis.
E. Thymus: The thymus is crucial in early life for T lymphocyte maturation and the establishment of adaptive immunity. Removal in a one-year-old would severely impair immune system development, making it much more harmful than thymectomy in adults, whose T cell repertoire is already largely established.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. The location of the target cells in the body:While the anatomical location of cells determines which tissues are exposed to circulating hormones, responsiveness is not dictated by location alone. Only cells with the appropriate receptors will respond.
B. The location of the gland that secretes the hormone:The position of the endocrine gland affects hormone distribution through the bloodstream but does not determine whether a cell is responsive. Responsiveness depends on receptor expression on the target cell.
C. The presence of a receptor for that particular hormone:A cell is responsive to a hormone only if it has specific receptors for that hormone. The binding of the hormone to its receptor triggers intracellular signaling pathways, leading to a physiological response.
D. The chemical properties of the hormone:The chemical nature of a hormone (e.g., peptide or steroid) affects how it interacts with receptors and enters cells, but it does not determine whether a cell is responsive; receptor presence is the key factor.
E. The site where the hormone is secreted:The secretion site influences how quickly the hormone reaches target cells, but a cell cannot respond without the appropriate receptor, making the secretion site irrelevant for responsiveness.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A pathogen is any microorganism-such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites-that can invade the body and cause disease. Pathogens have mechanisms to evade the immune system, reproduce within the host, and produce toxins or damage that result in illness.
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