Name the innermost layer of an artery wall.
Tunica media
Tunica externa
Endothelium
Vasa vasorum
The Correct Answer is C
A. Tunica media: Middle layer made of smooth muscle and elastic fibers; not the innermost layer.
B. Tunica externa: Outermost connective-tissue layer (adventitia) that contains collagen and sometimes vasa vasorum; not the innermost.
C. Endothelium: The simple squamous cell lining that forms the innermost surface (part of the tunica intima).
D. Vasa vasorum: Small blood vessels that supply the walls of large vessels, located in the outer layers; not the innermost.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Endocardium: The endocardium is the inner endothelial lining of the heart chambers (endothelium + connective tissue), not cardiac muscle, so it does not contain intercalated discs.
B. Parietal pericardium: The parietal pericardium is the outer layer of the serous/fibrous sac surrounding the heart (protective membrane), not muscle tissue, so it lacks intercalated discs.
C. Epicardium: The epicardium (visceral layer of serous pericardium) covers the heart surface and contains connective tissue and fat; it overlies the myocardium but is not the muscle layer itself, so it does not have intercalated discs.
D. Myocardium: The myocardium is the heart’s muscular wall composed of cardiac muscle cells that are connected by intercalated discs (for electrical and mechanical coupling).
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Bound to the globin portion of hemoglobin: Oxygen binds the heme (iron) portion, not the globin protein chains
B. Dissolved in the plasma: Only a small fraction (~1.5%) of O₂ is dissolved in plasma
C. Bound to the heme portion of hemoglobin: Most O₂ (~98–99%) is carried as oxyhemoglobin bound to heme iron
D. In the form of bicarbonate and water: Bicarbonate transport applies to CO₂, not O₂
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