Name the innate defense that involves vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, resulting in the influx of blood, blood cells, and fluid to an area of injury or infection.
Inflammation
Activation of NK cells
Complement activation
Activation of mononuclear phagocytic system
The Correct Answer is A
A. Inflammation: inflammation causes vasodilation and increased capillary permeability so immune cells and plasma components reach the injured/infected tissue.
B. Activation of NK cells: NK cell activation is an innate cytotoxic response against infected or malignant cells but does not itself describe the vascular changes listed.
C. Complement activation: complement promotes opsonization, chemotaxis, and membrane attack, but the described vasodilation/permeability hallmark is inflammation.
D. Activation of mononuclear phagocytic system: activation of macrophages/monocytes contributes to defense and cleanup, but the vascular response described is specifically the inflammatory process.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. 7.3 to 7.5: Correct (closest choice) -normal arterial blood pH is about 7.35–7.45, so 7.3–7.5 best matches the normal range given.
B. 7.6 to 7.8: this is alkalotic and well above normal physiologic range.
C. 6.8 to 7.0: this is severely acidotic and below normal.
D. 7.0 to 7.2: still acidotic and below the normal physiological range.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The presence of antibodies triggers the production of antigens: antibodies are produced in response to antigens, not the other way around.
B. Antibodies can be foreign cells, proteins, or other large molecules. Antigens are large proteins made by B cells: this reverses definitions: antigens are foreign molecules/cells that stimulate immune response; antibodies are proteins produced (by B cells) that bind antigens.
C. Antigens function to destroy or neutralize antibodies: antigens elicit antibody production; they do not act to destroy antibodies.
D. The presence of an antigen triggers the production of antibodies: antigens (foreign proteins, polysaccharides, cells) stimulate B cells to differentiate into plasma cells that produce specific antibodies.
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