Name the innate defense that involves vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, resulting in the influx of blood, blood cells, and fluid to an area of injury or infection.
Inflammation
Activation of NK cells
Complement activation
Activation of mononuclear phagocytic system
The Correct Answer is A
A. Inflammation: inflammation causes vasodilation and increased capillary permeability so immune cells and plasma components reach the injured/infected tissue.
B. Activation of NK cells: NK cell activation is an innate cytotoxic response against infected or malignant cells but does not itself describe the vascular changes listed.
C. Complement activation: complement promotes opsonization, chemotaxis, and membrane attack, but the described vasodilation/permeability hallmark is inflammation.
D. Activation of mononuclear phagocytic system: activation of macrophages/monocytes contributes to defense and cleanup, but the vascular response described is specifically the inflammatory process.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Respiration: Respiration encompasses gas exchange (external/internal) and cellular reactions (cellular respiration) that produce energy
B. Oxidation: Oxidation is a chemical process involved in metabolism but does not by itself describe the full gas-exchange-energy sequence
C. Metabolism: Metabolism is the sum of biochemical reactions (including energy production) but doesn’t explicitly include atmospheric gas exchange -less precise / incorrect for the combined description.
D. Breathing: Breathing (ventilation) is the mechanical movement of air and does not include cellular chemical reactions that generate cellular energy
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"B"}
Explanation
A. Microvilli: Microvilli increase surface area for absorption (common in intestines), not the hallmark of respiratory epithelium
B. Cilia: Respiratory epithelium (pseudostratified ciliated columnar) is equipped with cilia on its free surface to move mucus and trapped particles
C. Keratin: Keratinization occurs in skin epithelium (protective), not in the typical respiratory lining
D. Desmosomes: Desmosomes are cell junctions found in many epithelia but the question asks about free-surface specializations; cilia are the functional free-surface structures in respiratory epithelium
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