A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as being consistent with hyperglycemia?

Rationale:

A. While EMLA cream can provide local anesthesia, it takes time to take effect and might not be practical for immediate use before administering immunizations.

B. Providing a pacifier coated with an oral sucrose solution has been shown to reduce pain and stress during immunizations in infants, promoting atraumatic care.

C. Injecting immunizations into the deltoid muscle is a common practice, but it does not specifically address atraumatic care.

D. Using a smaller gauge needle (e.g., 22-25 gauge) is generally recommended for infants to minimize pain, but specifying a 20-gauge needle is not necessarily related to atraumatic care.

Rationale:

A. Storing opened vials of insulin for up to 60 days is incorrect. Insulin should be discarded after the manufacturer's recommended expiration date or within 28 days after opening, whichever comes first.

B. Physical therapy is not typically indicated as part of routine care for adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, regular physical activity is encouraged for overall health and blood sugar management.

C. Consulting with a nutritionist is important for adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus to receive individualized meal planning guidance, carbohydrate counting education, and dietary recommendations to help manage blood sugar levels.

D. Monitoring capillary blood glucose daily is essential for adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus, but it is not the only recommendation. Comprehensive diabetes management includes multiple aspects such as insulin therapy, dietary modifications, physical activity, and regular monitoring of blood glucose levels.