A nurse is demonstrating to a client how to perform diaphragmatic breathing. The nurse should educate the client to complete which action?
Raise both shoulders while breathing deeply.
Inhale through the mouth.
Exhale through the nose.
Tighten the abdominal muscles while exhaling.
The Correct Answer is D
The correct answer is d) Tighten the abdominal muscles while exhaling.
Choice A Reason:
“Raise both shoulders while breathing deeply” is incorrect. Diaphragmatic breathing focuses on using the diaphragm rather than the shoulders. Raising the shoulders can lead to shallow chest breathing, which is less effective for oxygen exchange.
Choice B Reason:
“Inhale through the mouth” is incorrect. For diaphragmatic breathing, it is recommended to inhale through the nose. This helps filter, warm, and humidify the air before it reaches the lungs.
Choice C Reason:
“Exhale through the nose” is incorrect. While exhaling through the nose is beneficial in some breathing exercises, diaphragmatic breathing typically involves exhaling through pursed lips. This technique helps slow down the exhalation and keeps the airways open longer.
Choice D Reason:
“Tighten the abdominal muscles while exhaling” is correct. Tightening the abdominal muscles helps push the diaphragm up, forcing air out of the lungs more efficiently. This action is a key component of effective diaphragmatic breathing.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
The client’s immediate family members may not always have the right to access the client’s protected health information (PHI) unless the client has given explicit consent. Confidentiality laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the United States, are designed to protect the privacy of patients’ health information. These laws generally require that PHI be shared only with individuals who are directly involved in the patient’s care or who have been authorized by the patient. Therefore, while family members may be involved in the patient’s care, they do not automatically have the right to access PHI without the patient’s consent.
Choice B Reason:
The facility’s administrators typically do not need access to a specific client’s PHI unless it is necessary for administrative purposes related to the patient’s care or for compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. Administrators are generally more involved in the overall management and operation of the healthcare facility rather than in the direct care of individual patients. Sharing PHI with administrators without a valid reason could violate confidentiality laws and the patient’s right to privacy.
Choice C Reason:
Health care team members caring for the client are directly involved in the patient’s care and, therefore, have a legitimate need to access the client’s PHI. This includes doctors, nurses, therapists, and other healthcare professionals who are providing treatment, coordinating care, or ensuring the patient’s well-being. Sharing PHI with these individuals is essential for delivering safe and effective care, and it is permitted under confidentiality laws such as HIPAA.
Choice D Reason:
Clergy affiliated with the facility may provide spiritual support to patients, but they do not typically have a legitimate need to access the client’s PHI unless the patient has given explicit consent. While spiritual care is an important aspect of holistic healthcare, it does not require access to detailed medical information. Therefore, sharing PHI with clergy without the patient’s consent would generally be considered a violation of confidentiality laws.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Consulting the family priest may provide spiritual support and guidance to the family, but it is not the most appropriate action for resolving a medical and ethical dilemma. The family priest may not have the necessary medical or ethical expertise to address the complexities of the situation
Choice B reason: The ethics committee is the appropriate body to consult in this situation. Ethics committees are composed of healthcare professionals, ethicists, and legal advisors who can provide guidance on complex ethical issues. They can help navigate the conflict between the parents’ religious beliefs and the medical necessity of the blood transfusion for the newborn. The committee can also ensure that the hospital’s actions align with legal and ethical standards.
Choice C reason: The Joint Commission is an accrediting body for healthcare organizations and does not provide direct assistance in individual patient care situations. While the Joint Commission sets standards for ethical practices, it is not involved in resolving specific ethical dilemmas at the patient level.
Choice D reason: The blood bank is responsible for the collection, testing, and distribution of blood products. While they can provide information about blood transfusions, they are not equipped to handle ethical conflicts related to the refusal of blood transfusions on religious grounds. The ethics committee is better suited for this role.
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