Newborns receive vitamin K soon after birth because:
the liver of a newborn does not produce enough vitamin K.
hemolysis of the fetal red blood cells increases coagulation requirements.
the newborn diet lacks vitamin K.
newborns are born with a sterile gut.
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. While the newborn liver has some immaturity, the main reason for vitamin K administration is not liver production alone.
B. Hemolysis of fetal red blood cells does not significantly affect coagulation factor levels requiring vitamin K.
C. Newborns receive vitamin K through breast milk or formula, but the immediate postnatal administration is not due to dietary deficiency.
D. Newborns are born with a sterile gut, lacking the intestinal flora that synthesize vitamin K. This predisposes them to vitamin K deficiency and increases the risk of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, so prophylactic vitamin K is administered shortly after birth.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Hypoxia may cause some stress responses but is not the most common cause of temperature instability in a newborn.
B. Congenital heart disease can affect perfusion but typically does not directly cause temperature instability.
C. Polycythemia may affect circulation but is not a primary cause of abnormal temperature regulation.
D. Sepsis is a common cause of temperature instability in newborns, manifesting as hypothermia or hyperthermia. Newborns have immature thermoregulatory systems, and infections can easily disrupt temperature homeostasis, making temperature instability an important early sign of neonatal sepsis.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. In severe hypernatremic dehydration, an infant typically presents with tachycardia, decreased urine output, poor skin turgor, and lethargy. Hypernatremia leads to intracellular dehydration, causing compensatory cardiovascular responses such as tachycardia.
B. Bulging anterior fontanel is more suggestive of increased intracranial pressure, not routine hypernatremic dehydration. Weight loss may be present but is nonspecific.
C. A sodium level of 140 mEq/L is normal, not indicative of hypernatremia. Parched mucous membranes may occur in dehydration, but hypernatremic dehydration usually presents with sodium >150 mEq/L.
D. Potassium of 5.2 is mildly elevated but bradycardia is not typical; tachycardia is the expected cardiovascular response in hypernatremic dehydration.
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