Of the 33 vertebrae in the spinal column, which is correct?
5 lumbar
12 cervical
7 sacral
5 thoracic
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: The human spinal column has 33 vertebrae: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral (fused), and 4 coccygeal (fused). The 5 lumbar vertebrae, located in the lower back, support significant weight and allow flexibility, making this choice correct for the vertebral count.
Choice B reason: The cervical spine consists of 7 vertebrae, not 12, which are designed for mobility and support of the head. The incorrect count of 12 aligns with the thoracic vertebrae, making this choice scientifically inaccurate for the cervical region.
Choice C reason: The sacral region has 5 vertebrae, which fuse into the sacrum in adults, not 7. The sacrum forms part of the pelvis, providing stability. The incorrect count of 7 corresponds to the cervical vertebrae, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: The thoracic spine comprises 12 vertebrae, not 5, which articulate with the ribs to form the thoracic cage. The incorrect count of 5 aligns with the lumbar or sacral vertebrae, rendering this choice inaccurate for the thoracic region.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: The right 5th intercostal space at the sternal border is near the tricuspid valve, where murmurs from tricuspid regurgitation or stenosis are typically heard. Aortic valve stenosis murmurs, caused by turbulent flow through a narrowed aortic valve, are not prominent here, making this an incorrect assessment site.
Choice B reason: The right 2nd intercostal space at the sternal border is the aortic area, ideal for auscultating aortic valve stenosis murmurs. These murmurs are harsh, crescendo-decrescendo, and systolic, radiating to the carotid arteries due to turbulent blood flow through the stenosed aortic valve, making this the correct site.
Choice C reason: The left 5th intercostal space at the mid-clavicular line is the mitral valve area, where mitral regurgitation or stenosis murmurs are heard. Aortic valve stenosis murmurs originate from the aortic root and are not best detected here, rendering this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: The left 2nd intercostal space at the mid-clavicular line is near the pulmonic valve, where pulmonic stenosis murmurs are auscultated. Aortic valve stenosis murmurs are not prominent in this area, as they are specific to the aortic region, making this an incorrect choice.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Cranial Nerve V (trigeminal) controls facial sensation and chewing muscles. It has no role in hearing, which is tested by the whispered voice test, making this an incorrect choice for assessing auditory function.
Choice B reason: Cranial Nerve II (optic) is responsible for vision, not hearing. The whispered voice test evaluates auditory acuity, which is unrelated to visual function, making this an incorrect cranial nerve for the assessment.
Choice C reason: Cranial Nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear) mediates hearing and balance. The whispered voice test assesses the cochlear branch’s ability to transmit sound, making this the correct cranial nerve evaluated by this hearing test.
Choice D reason: Cranial Nerve IV (trochlear) controls the superior oblique eye muscle, affecting eye movement. It is unrelated to hearing, which the whispered voice test assesses, making this an incorrect choice for the described evaluation.
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