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Patient Data

For each medication, choose the drug classification and medication action.

Medication

Drug classification

Medication action

Amlodipine

___1_

_5_

Aspirin

_2_

_6_

Lisinopril

_3_

_7_

Nitroglycerin

_4_

_8___

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A","dropdown-group-2":"B","dropdown-group-3":"C","dropdown-group-4":"D","dropdown-group-5":"A","dropdown-group-6":"B","dropdown-group-7":"C","dropdown-group-8":"D"}

Amlodipine → Calcium channel blocker → Relaxes vascular smooth muscle, causing vasodilation and decreased blood pressure
Aspirin → Antiplatelet → Inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX-1), preventing thromboxane A₂ formation and reducing platelet aggregation
Lisinopril → Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor → Blocks conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation and decreased aldosterone secretion
Nitroglycerin → Nitrate → Causes vasodilation (primarily venous), reducing preload and myocardial oxygen demand

Rationale:

Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker that inhibits calcium ion influx into vascular smooth muscle and myocardial cells. This leads to arterial vasodilation, decreasing systemic vascular resistance and lowering blood pressure. By reducing afterload, amlodipine decreases cardiac workload, which is particularly helpful in patients with hypertension and chest pain from myocardial ischemia.

Aspirin is an antiplatelet medication that irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), preventing the formation of thromboxane A₂, a substance that promotes platelet aggregation. This reduces the risk of thrombus formation, which is critical in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and in patients presenting with chest pain suggestive of myocardial infarction.

Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor that blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. This leads to vasodilation and decreased secretion of aldosterone, which reduces blood pressure and decreases fluid retention. By lowering afterload and preload, lisinopril reduces myocardial oxygen demand, protecting the heart during episodes of ischemia.

Nitroglycerin is a nitrate that primarily causes venous vasodilation, decreasing preload and myocardial oxygen demand. This improves coronary blood flow and relieves ischemic chest pain. Nitroglycerin is commonly used in the management of angina and acute chest pain associated with myocardial ischemia.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. A fasting serum glucose of 140 mg/dL is above the normal reference range (74–106 mg/dL) and indicates hyperglycemia. This finding aligns with the client’s report of intermittent elevated blood glucose and reflects ongoing diabetes management concerns, but it is expected in the context of poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and does not necessarily indicate an acute complication.

B. A WBC of 11,000/mm³ is slightly above the reference range (5,000–10,000/mm³). Mild leukocytosis can occur due to infection, stress, or inflammation. While it warrants observation, it is not as immediately concerning as significant renal function changes.

C. A BUN of 26 mg/dL is elevated above the reference range of 10–20 mg/dL. This suggests possible impaired kidney function, which is particularly important in a client with long-standing diabetes, as chronic hyperglycemia can lead to diabetic nephropathy. Further assessment is required, including evaluation of creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), hydration status, and medication review, because renal impairment can have serious consequences.

D. A potassium level of 3.5 mEq/L is at the lower end of the reference range (3.5–5 mEq/L) but is still considered normal. No immediate intervention is required unless trends show a downward pattern or the client has symptoms of hypokalemia.

A. Blood pressure decreases to 110/64 mm Hg. B. Pupils 3 mm with sluggish response. C. Halo around blood dropped on gauze. D. Clots of blood forming within nares.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. A decrease in blood pressure to 110/64 mm Hg is a mild change and may reflect early hemodynamic shifts, but it is not immediately life-threatening in this context. While ongoing monitoring is important, this finding does not require immediate intervention compared with more urgent neurological concerns.

B. Pupils measuring 3 mm with a sluggish response indicates some neurological compromise, but it is a moderate finding. It warrants close observation for signs of increasing intracranial pressure (ICP) but is not as immediately critical as evidence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, which can lead to rapid complications.

C. A halo around blood dropped on gauze is correct. This finding indicates the presence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), suggesting a possible basilar skull fracture. CSF leakage increases the risk of meningitis and brain herniation, and requires immediate intervention to protect the client’s airway, prevent infection, and coordinate urgent imaging and neurosurgical evaluation. This finding is the most urgent and directly threatens the client’s safety.

D. Clots of blood forming within the nares are common in minor nasal trauma or epistaxis and do not signify a life-threatening complication. While the nurse should monitor bleeding, this finding is not immediately dangerous compared with CSF leakage.

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Medication	Drug classification	Medication action
Amlodipine	_____1_____	_____5_____
Aspirin	_____2_____	_____6_____
Lisinopril	_____3_____	_____7_____
Nitroglycerin	_____4_____	_____8_____

Medication	Drug Classification	Treatment Goals
Furosemide	_______________	_______________
Digoxin	_______________	_______________
Captopril	_______________	_______________

Patient Data For each medication, choose the drug classification and medication action. Medication Drug classification Medication action Amlodipine _____1_____ _____5_____ Aspirin _____2_____ _____6_____ Lisinopril _____3_____ _____7_____ Nitroglycerin _____4_____ _____8_____

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Patient data For each medication, chose the most likely option for drug classification and treatment goal. Medication Drug Classification Treatment Goals Furosemide _______________ _______________ Digoxin _______________ _______________ Captopril _______________ _______________

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Patient Data

For each medication, choose the drug classification and medication action.

Medication

Drug classification

Medication action

Amlodipine

___1_

_5_

Aspirin

_2_

_6_

Lisinopril

_3_

_7_

Nitroglycerin

_4_

_8___