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Place the following hormones in the correct order of their control, from first tier to third tier.

A.

thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) ->production of T3 and T4->thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

B.

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) ->production of T3 and T4,->thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

C.

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)->thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) ->production of T3 and T4

D.

thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)->thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) ->production of T3 and T4

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

a) TRH → production of T3 and T4 → TSH: Incorrect order; TSH stimulates T3/T4 production, not the other way around.

b) TSH → production of T3 and T4 → TRH: Incorrect; this reverses the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis.

c) TSH → TRH → production of T3 and T4: Incorrect sequence; the hypothalamus releases TRH before the pituitary releases TSH.

d) thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) → thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) → production of T3 and T4: This reflects the HPT axis: TRH is released by the hypothalamus (first tier). TSH is secreted by the anterior pituitary (second tier). T3 and T4 are produced by the thyroid gland (third tier)


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

a) Activating vitamin D: This is a direct effect of PTH-PTH stimulates the activation of vitamin D (specifically, conversion to calcitriol) in the kidneys.

b) Increasing calcium reabsorption in the kidney: Also a direct effect-PTH acts on renal tubules to increase reabsorption of calcium.

c) Increasing calcium absorption in the intestines: The increased intestinal calcium absorption is an indirect effect because PTH stimulates the activation of vitamin D, and calcitriol then increases intestinal calcium absorption.

d) Increasing osteoclast activity: This is a direct effect-PTH binds to osteoblasts, which signal osteoclasts to break down bone and release calcium.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

a) Hemolysis, vascular spasm, platelet plug formation: Hemolysis (RBC destruction) is not part of hemostasis.

b) Vascular spasm, clotting polycythemia: Polycythemia is an excess of RBCs, unrelated to clotting sequence.

c) Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, clotting: This is the accurate and standard 3-step sequence of hemostasis.

d) Emigration, clotting, hemolysis: Emigration refers to WBC movement; this choice contains unrelated processes.

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