A 45-year-old woman comes to her physician complaining of nervousness and an unexplained weight loss of 25 pounds over the last 3 months, despite that she is not dieting or exercising. On her physical examination, the doctor notices protruding eyes, her skin is moist and warm and her fingers have a tremor. Compared to a normal individual, the biopsy of her thyroid gland would most likely reveal which of the following?
Decreased evidence of endocytosis
Decreased evidence of lysosomal activity
A decrease in the size of the follicular cells
A decrease in the cross-sectional area occupied by the colloid
Decreased number of reabsorption lacunae
The Correct Answer is D
a) Decreased evidence of endocytosis: Endocytosis increases in hyperthyroidism as T3/T4 are actively removed from colloid.
b) Decreased evidence of lysosomal activity: Lysosomal activity increases to process thyroglobulin into active hormones.
c) A decrease in the size of the follicular cells: Follicular cells become taller (columnar) and more active, not smaller.
d) A decrease in the cross-sectional area occupied by the colloid: In hyperthyroidism (e.g., Graves' disease), the thyroid follicles are hyperactive, so colloid is used up rapidly, reducing the colloid area.
e) Decreased number of reabsorption lacunae: These increase in number as colloid is actively resorbed.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
a) Mineralocorticoids
These are produced in the zona glomerulosa, not the zona fasciculata.
b) Androgens
Androgens are primarily produced in the zona reticularis.
c) Glucocorticoids
The zona fasciculata is the middle layer of the adrenal cortex and produces glucocorticoids, such as cortisol.
d) Estrogens
Estrogens are not produced by the adrenal cortex in significant amounts; they are mainly produced in the ovaries.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
a) Hormonal: This refers to the stimulation of one endocrine gland by hormones released from another gland. GnRH from the hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to release LH/FSH, which then stimulate the ovaries to secrete estrogen. Thus, this is hormonal control.
b) Neural: Neural stimulation involves direct innervation (e.g., adrenal medulla stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system), which does not apply here.
c) Negative Feedback: This refers to a regulatory mechanism, not the initial cause of estrogen secretion. Estrogen can negatively feedback on GnRH, but that’s not the mechanism being asked.
d) Humoral: Humoral stimuli refer to changes in blood levels of ions or nutrients (e.g., calcium regulating PTH), not hormones.
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