The hormones known as "catecholamines" (adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine) are not lipid-soluble. Therefore their receptor sites are:
On the inside of the plasma membrane
On the outside of the plasma membrane
in the cell cytoplasm
in the cell nucleus
The Correct Answer is B
a) On the inside of the plasma membrane: Catecholamines cannot cross the lipid bilayer, so they cannot bind to internal membrane receptors.
b) On the outside of the plasma membrane: Because catecholamines are water-soluble, they bind to extracellular receptors that initiate a second messenger cascade (e.g., cAMP).
c) In the cell cytoplasm: Only lipid-soluble hormones, like steroids, bind to intracellular receptors.
d) In the cell nucleus: Again, only lipid-soluble hormones (like thyroid hormones or steroids) reach nuclear receptors.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
a) Hormonal: This refers to the stimulation of one endocrine gland by hormones released from another gland. GnRH from the hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to release LH/FSH, which then stimulate the ovaries to secrete estrogen. Thus, this is hormonal control.
b) Neural: Neural stimulation involves direct innervation (e.g., adrenal medulla stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system), which does not apply here.
c) Negative Feedback: This refers to a regulatory mechanism, not the initial cause of estrogen secretion. Estrogen can negatively feedback on GnRH, but that’s not the mechanism being asked.
d) Humoral: Humoral stimuli refer to changes in blood levels of ions or nutrients (e.g., calcium regulating PTH), not hormones.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
a) Prolactin (PRL): Secreted by anterior pituitary to stimulate milk production.
b) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): Stimulates adrenal cortex; anterior pituitary product.
c) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): Produced by the anterior pituitary; regulates gonads.
d) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH): ADH is produced by the hypothalamus and stored/released by the posterior pituitary.
e) Luteinizing hormone (LH): Another anterior pituitary hormone involved in reproduction.
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