Rebound elevation of glucose levels brought on by hypoglycemia is called:
Dawn phenomenon
Somogyi effect
Systemic alkalosis
Systemic acidosis
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: The Dawn phenomenon involves morning hyperglycemia due to nocturnal growth hormone and cortisol surges, increasing hepatic glucose production. It is not triggered by hypoglycemia, unlike the Somogyi effect, making it an incorrect explanation for rebound glucose elevation following low blood sugar.
Choice B reason: The Somogyi effect is rebound hyperglycemia following hypoglycemia, caused by counter-regulatory hormones (glucagon, cortisol, epinephrine) increasing glucose production and release. This occurs as the body overcorrects low blood sugar, often overnight, leading to elevated morning glucose, making this the correct term.
Choice C reason: Systemic alkalosis, an acid-base imbalance, is unrelated to glucose regulation. It may occur in conditions like vomiting but does not cause rebound hyperglycemia. Glucose fluctuations in diabetes are driven by hormonal and metabolic responses, not pH changes, making this incorrect.
Choice D reason: Systemic acidosis, such as in diabetic ketoacidosis, results from ketone accumulation, not rebound hyperglycemia. It is a complication of uncontrolled hyperglycemia, not a response to hypoglycemia, making it unrelated to the Somogyi effect or glucose rebound mechanisms.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Oral analgesics are less effective in acute pancreatitis due to severe pain and potential gastric dysmotility from inflammation. IV opioids provide faster, more reliable pain relief, as oral absorption may be impaired, making this a less appropriate choice for acute pain management.
Choice B reason: A high-fiber diet is contraindicated in acute pancreatitis, as it stimulates digestion, increasing pancreatic enzyme secretion and worsening inflammation and pain. Patients are typically kept NPO (nothing by mouth) to rest the pancreas, making this an inappropriate intervention for pain control.
Choice C reason: IV opioid analgesics, such as morphine or fentanyl, are the preferred treatment for severe pain in acute pancreatitis. They provide rapid, effective analgesia by acting on central pain receptors, reducing discomfort without stimulating pancreatic activity, making this the priority intervention for pain management.
Choice D reason: Applying a warm compress to the abdomen is contraindicated, as heat may increase inflammation and blood flow to the pancreas, worsening pain and tissue damage. Pain management in pancreatitis relies on pharmacological interventions, making this an incorrect and potentially harmful action.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Baked fish is a low-fat dietary choice, as baking avoids added oils, and fish like salmon or cod are naturally low in saturated fats. This aligns with a low-fat diet, reducing cholesterol and aiding conditions like pancreatitis or cholecystitis, indicating correct patient understanding.
Choice B reason: Broiled chicken is prepared without added fats, making it suitable for a low-fat diet. Broiling uses heat to cook, minimizing fat content, which supports dietary goals for managing conditions like gallbladder disease or cardiovascular health, reflecting accurate patient knowledge.
Choice C reason: Roasted turkey, when prepared without added fats, is a lean protein suitable for a low-fat diet. It provides essential nutrients without high saturated fat content, aligning with recommendations for conditions requiring fat restriction, indicating the patient understands the dietary principles.
Choice D reason: Hamburgers and fries are high in saturated fats and trans fats, unsuitable for a low-fat diet. These foods can exacerbate conditions like cholecystitis or pancreatitis by stimulating excessive bile or pancreatic enzyme release, indicating a need for further education on dietary restrictions.
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