Removal of moisture by dehydration is called
desiccation.
flash freeze.
lyophilization.
pasteurization.
sterilization.
The Correct Answer is A
A. Desiccation: Desiccation means drying out or removing water from a material or cell; this term directly names the general process of moisture removal.
B. Flash freeze: Flash freezing freezes a sample rapidly to preserve it, which does not remove moisture (it converts water to ice).
C. Lyophilization: Lyophilization (freeze-drying) removes water by freezing the sample and then sublimating ice under vacuum; it is a specific dehydration technique but not the general term.
D. Pasteurization: Pasteurization uses mild heat to reduce microbial load but does not primarily refer to removal of moisture.
E. Sterilization: Sterilization denotes elimination of all viable organisms, not specifically the act of removing moisture.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Aerobe: An aerobe requires oxygen for growth or grows optimally in the presence of oxygen; this does not indicate tolerance for oxygen-free conditions.
B. Obligate aerobe: An obligate aerobe requires oxygen and cannot grow in oxygen-free environments.
C. Facultative anaerobe: A facultative anaerobe can grow in the presence of oxygen (using aerobic respiration) and also grow without oxygen (by fermentation or anaerobic respiration), making it able to exist in both conditions.
D. Microaerophile: A microaerophile requires oxygen at lower-than-atmospheric concentrations and generally does not grow in oxygen-free environments.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. High osmotic pressure: A hypertonic environment (high external solute concentration) causes water to move out of the cell by osmosis, leading to shrinkage of the cell membrane away from the cell wall (plasmolysis).
B. Protein denaturation: While extreme solute conditions can affect proteins, plasmolysis is primarily driven by osmotic water loss rather than direct denaturation of proteins.
C. DNA mutation: DNA mutation is unrelated to the immediate physical shrinking of the cell that occurs during plasmolysis.
D. Filtration: Filtration is a physical separation method and does not explain why high solute concentrations cause cells to plasmolyze.
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