Removal of moisture by dehydration is called
desiccation.
flash freeze.
lyophilization.
pasteurization.
sterilization.
The Correct Answer is A
A. Desiccation: Desiccation means drying out or removing water from a material or cell; this term directly names the general process of moisture removal.
B. Flash freeze: Flash freezing freezes a sample rapidly to preserve it, which does not remove moisture (it converts water to ice).
C. Lyophilization: Lyophilization (freeze-drying) removes water by freezing the sample and then sublimating ice under vacuum; it is a specific dehydration technique but not the general term.
D. Pasteurization: Pasteurization uses mild heat to reduce microbial load but does not primarily refer to removal of moisture.
E. Sterilization: Sterilization denotes elimination of all viable organisms, not specifically the act of removing moisture.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Dry heat: Dry heat at sufficiently high temperature and long exposure (for example, 160–170 °C for prolonged periods) can destroy endospores by oxidizing cellular components, though it requires more time than moist heat.
B. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers: Alcohols are effective against many vegetative bacteria and some viruses but do not reliably destroy bacterial endospores.
C. Steam under pressure (autoclave): Autoclaving uses moist heat at high pressure and temperature (typically 121 °C at 15 psi) to reliably inactivate endospores by denaturing proteins and nucleic acids.
D. Boiling in water for 10 minutes: Boiling kills many vegetative organisms but does not reliably inactivate heat-resistant endospores within that time frame.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. rRNA only: Some genes encode ribosomal RNA, but not all genes are limited to rRNA.
B. tRNA only: Some genes encode transfer RNA, but genes can encode other RNA types or proteins as well.
C. mRNA and polypeptide only: Some genes encode mRNA that is translated into polypeptides, but genes also encode functional RNAs that are not translated.
D. Any of the above: A gene can encode rRNA, tRNA, or mRNA (which may be translated into a polypeptide), so any of these products can be specified by different genes.
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