(Select all that apply): A nurse is administering an MAOI antidepressant to a patient with MDD. What should the nurse teach the patient to avoid while on this medication? (Select three).
Foods rich in tyramine.
Herbal supplements.
Foods high in vitamin C.
Over-the-counter pain relievers.
Foods high in calcium.
Correct Answer : A,B,D
Choice A rationale:
The nurse should teach the patient to avoid foods rich in tyramine while on an MAOI antidepressant. MAOIs inhibit the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which breaks down tyramine in the body. Accumulation of tyramine can lead to hypertensive crisis due to excessive release of norepinephrine. Tyramine-rich foods include aged cheeses, cured meats, fermented foods, and certain beverages like wine and beer.
Choice B rationale:
The nurse should also teach the patient to avoid herbal supplements while on an MAOI antidepressant. Herbal supplements can interact with MAOIs and lead to potentially dangerous effects, including serotonin syndrome. Herbal supplements like St. John's wort, ginseng, and others may increase serotonin levels when combined with MAOIs.
Choice D rationale:
The nurse should instruct the patient to avoid over-the-counter pain relievers, particularly those containing pseudoephedrine or phenylephrine, while taking an MAOI antidepressant. These substances can also interact with MAOIs and result in hypertensive crisis due to increased release of norepinephrine.
Choice C rationale:
Choice C (Foods high in vitamin C) is not a concern when taking an MAOI antidepressant. Vitamin C-rich foods do not interact with MAOIs or pose a risk of hypertensive crisis. Thus, this choice is incorrect in the context of MAOI use.
Choice E rationale:
Choice E (Foods high in calcium) is also not a concern when taking an MAOI antidepressant. Calcium-rich foods do not have interactions with MAOIs that would result in hypertensive crisis. This choice is not relevant to MAOI medication.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Assessing the patient's medical history is crucial in understanding potential risk factors for suicide in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Various medical conditions and medications can contribute to depression and increase the risk of suicidal ideation. By gathering this information, the nurse can identify any factors that might exacerbate the patient's condition.
Choice B rationale:
Monitoring the patient's response to treatment is essential for assessing the effectiveness of interventions and identifying any signs of worsening depression or increased suicidal risk. Certain treatments, like antidepressant medications, might initially increase the risk of suicide in some patients. Therefore, close monitoring is needed to ensure patient safety.
Choice C rationale:
Asking direct questions about suicidal thoughts is a critical component of assessing suicide risk in patients with MDD. Openly addressing this topic allows the nurse to gauge the patient's current state of mind, explore the presence and severity of suicidal ideation, and take appropriate actions if the patient expresses active suicidal thoughts.
Choice D rationale:
Providing a list of local crisis helplines can be beneficial, but it is not a component of the nursing assessment for suicide risk in patients with MDD. While offering resources is important, the immediate focus should be on assessing the patient's condition and potential risk factors.
Choice E rationale:
Encouraging the patient to isolate themselves is not an appropriate action when assessing suicide risk in patients with MDD. Social isolation can exacerbate depressive symptoms and increase the risk of suicide. Therefore, promoting social connection and support is essential, rather than encouraging isolation.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
The patient's thought content and organization. Rationale: While monitoring thought content and organization is important in psychiatric assessment, it is not directly related to observing and documenting the patient's mood state. Thought content and organization involve assessing the coherence, relevance, and logic of the patient's thoughts, which can provide insights into their cognitive functioning and potential psychiatric conditions like schizophrenia.
Choice B rationale:
The patient's physical vital signs and laboratory tests. Rationale: This choice is unrelated to the assessment of the patient's mood state. Vital signs and laboratory tests are essential in medical assessments, but when evaluating a patient with bipolar disorder, the focus should be on their psychological and emotional state rather than physical parameters.
Choice C rationale:
The patient's cognitive abilities, memory, and concentration. Rationale: While cognitive abilities, memory, and concentration are important factors to consider in a comprehensive mental status assessment, they are distinct from the patient's mood state. Cognitive assessment provides information about cognitive impairments that might accompany mood disorders, but it does not directly reflect the patient's current emotional state.
Choice D rationale:
The patient's mood state, such as euphoric, irritable, depressed, or mixed. Rationale: This statement is correct. Assessing and documenting the patient's mood state is crucial when evaluating individuals with bipolar disorder. The mood state can provide valuable information about the phase of the disorder (e.g., manic, hypomanic, depressive) and guide treatment decisions. Mood variations are a hallmark of bipolar disorder, and accurately identifying the patient's mood at the time of assessment is essential for effective care.
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