Select the most appropriate use of saw palmetto:
Hematuria due to bladder cancer.
Post surgical urinary retention.
Nocturia due to prostatic hypertrophy.
Pain from cystitis.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Hematuria due to bladder cancer: Saw palmetto has no role in treating hematuria or bladder malignancies. Its effects target benign prostatic enlargement rather than bleeding or malignant conditions of the urina ry tract.
B. Post surgical urinary retention: Urinary retention after surgery is usually related to anesthesia or mechanical obstruction and is treated with catheterization or medical management, not herbal supplements like saw palmetto.
C. Nocturia due to prostatic hypertrophy: Saw palmetto is commonly used to manage symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), such as nocturia, urinary hesitancy, and decreased urinary flow. It is believed to work by inhibiting 5-alpha-reductase and reducing prostate tissue swelling.
D. Pain from cystitis: Cystitis, or bladder inflammation, is typically caused by infection and requires antimicrobial therapy. Saw palmetto does not have antibacterial or anti-inflammatory effects strong enough to relieve pain or inflammation from cystitis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Opioids: Opioids primarily affect the central nervous system by binding to pain receptors, leading to analgesia and sedation. They do not typically cause direct kidney damage, although dehydration from opioid-induced nausea or vomiting can indirectly affect renal function.
B. Cephalosporins: While generally safe, cephalosporins can cause nephrotoxicity in rare cases, especially when used in high doses or in patients with pre-existing kidney disease. However, they are not the most common cause of kidney injury compared to NSAIDs.
C. NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are well-known for their nephrotoxic potential. They inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, which reduces renal blood flow and can lead to acute kidney injury, particularly in dehydrated or elderly patients.
D. Statin drugs: Statins primarily affect the liver and muscles, occasionally causing myopathy or rhabdomyolysis at high doses. While severe muscle breakdown can secondarily impair kidney function, this effect is uncommon compared to the direct nephrotoxicity caused by NSAIDs.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]
Explanation
A. Distribution: After a drug is absorbed into the bloodstream, it is distributed to various tissues and organs through the circulatory system. Distribution determines how much of the active drug reaches its target site and is influenced by factors like blood flow, protein binding, and tissue permeability.
B. Metabolism: Following distribution, the drug undergoes metabolism, primarily in the liver. This process transforms the drug into more water-soluble compounds (metabolites) to facilitate elimination, which can either activate, inactivate, or detoxify the drug.
C. Excretion: Once metabolized, the drug and its byproducts are excreted from the body, mainly through the kidneys via urine, but also through bile, sweat, or feces. Excretion completes the pharmacokinetic process and prevents drug accumulation.
D. Absorption: Absorption is the first stage, where the drug enters the bloodstream from its site of administration. The rate and extent of absorption depend on the drug’s formulation, route, and the condition of the gastrointestinal or tissue surface.
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