Severe edema occurs in individuals with large burn injuries due to:
Increased capillary permeability.
Decreased metabolism of carbohydrates.
Decreased hematocrit in the blood.
Increased circulating blood volume.
The Correct Answer is A
A. Increased capillary permeability is correct because severe burns trigger an inflammatory response that damages the capillary walls. This damage allows plasma, proteins, and fluid to leak into the surrounding interstitial tissue, leading to edema. The combination of fluid shift and protein loss from the intravascular space causes hypovolemia and localized or generalized swelling. This phenomenon, known as burn shock or fluid shift, is a hallmark of major burn injuries.
B. Decreased metabolism of carbohydrates is incorrect because carbohydrate metabolism does not directly cause edema. While burn injuries can affect metabolic rate, the primary cause of fluid accumulation is vascular leakage, not metabolic dysfunction.
C. Decreased hematocrit in the blood is incorrect because hematocrit often increases initially after burns due to plasma loss into the interstitial space. Decreased hematocrit may occur later if fluid resuscitation dilutes the blood, but this is not the cause of edema.
D. Increased circulating blood volume is incorrect because circulating blood volume actually decreases in the acute phase of large burns due to plasma leakage. Edema occurs outside the blood vessels, not from an excess of blood within them.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]
Explanation
A. Development of an odd-shaped lesion or new mole is correct because new or unusually shaped lesions can indicate abnormal cell growth. The appearance of a mole that differs from existing moles (the “ugly duckling” sign) is a warning sign of potential skin cancer.
B. A lesion that does not heal is correct because non-healing sores, ulcers, or lesions can indicate skin malignancy, particularly squamous cell carcinoma or melanoma. Persistent lesions should be evaluated promptly.
C. A change in the shape, color, or size of a mole is correct because changes in a mole are part of the ABCDE warning signs of melanoma. Rapid changes or irregular features are concerning for malignancy.
D. Freckles that darken slightly with sun exposure is incorrect because normal freckles darken with UV exposure but are not considered warning signs. This is a physiologic response to sunlight, not indicative of cancer.
E. Skin lesions that repeatedly bleed is correct because recurrent bleeding, especially from a mole, lesion, or sore, is a classic warning sign of malignant transformation. Bleeding often occurs due to fragile, abnormal blood vessels within the lesion.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Lung damage caused by COPD is reversible is incorrect because COPD involves chronic, progressive destruction of the airways and alveoli, particularly in emphysema and chronic bronchitis. While medications and interventions can manage symptoms and slow progression, the structural lung damage is irreversible.
B. COPD refers only to chronic bronchitis is incorrect because COPD is a broad term that encompasses multiple chronic lung conditions, primarily chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Some patients may have features of both, and less commonly, COPD can be influenced by alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.
C. COPD affects only those of European descent is incorrect because COPD affects individuals worldwide regardless of ethnicity. While certain genetic factors (e.g., alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency) are more prevalent in some populations, the disease is not limited to European descent.
D. Smoking is the primary cause of COPD is correct because long-term cigarette smoking is the leading risk factor. Tobacco smoke causes chronic airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, ciliary dysfunction, and destruction of alveolar walls, leading to airflow limitation, impaired gas exchange, and progressive respiratory symptoms. Other contributing factors include environmental exposures (pollution, occupational dust), recurrent respiratory infections, and genetic susceptibility.
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