Signs and symptoms of anemia may include which of the following? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
Pallor
Fatigue
Dyspnea
Bradycardia
Dizziness
The Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]
A. Pallor is correct because anemia results in reduced red blood cell count or hemoglobin levels, which decreases the blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity. Pallor is most noticeable in areas where the skin is thin or highly vascularized, such as the face, conjunctiva, lips, nail beds, and mucous membranes. This is a classic and often early sign of anemia.
B. Fatigue is correct because tissues and organs receive less oxygen, which is necessary for cellular metabolism and energy production. The reduced oxygen delivery leads to muscle weakness, low endurance, and a persistent feeling of tiredness, even after rest. Fatigue is one of the most common and debilitating symptoms of anemia.
C. Dyspnea is correct because the body tries to compensate for the reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood by increasing respiratory rate and depth. This can cause shortness of breath, especially during exertion or activity, as the lungs attempt to supply more oxygen to the tissues. Chronic anemia can also lead to exertional dyspnea at relatively low levels of activity.
D. Bradycardia is incorrect because anemia typically causes tachycardia, not bradycardia. The heart beats faster to maintain adequate oxygen delivery to vital organs when hemoglobin levels are low. Bradycardia would not be a compensatory response to anemia and may indicate a separate cardiac issue.
E. Dizziness is correct because the brain may receive insufficient oxygen, especially during sudden position changes or physical activity, leading to lightheadedness, vertigo, or fainting (syncope). Dizziness is a reflection of the central nervous system’s sensitivity to hypoxia caused by anemia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Basal cell carcinoma is incorrect because it is the most common type of skin cancer but is generally slow-growing and rarely metastasizes. It primarily causes local tissue damage if untreated but has a very low risk of spreading to distant sites.
B. Melanoma is correct because melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes and is highly aggressive. If not detected and treated early, melanoma can metastasize to lymph nodes and distant organs, including the liver, lungs, and brain. Early detection and surgical excision are critical to prevent spread and improve survival. Risk factors include excessive UV exposure, fair skin, a history of sunburns, and multiple moles.
C. Squamous cell carcinoma is incorrect because although it is malignant and can invade surrounding tissues, squamous cell carcinoma has a lower tendency to metastasize than melanoma. However, untreated lesions can become locally destructive and, in rare cases, metastasize to regional lymph nodes.
D. Actinic keratosis is incorrect because it is a precancerous lesion, not a true cancer. These rough, scaly patches result from chronic sun exposure and have the potential to progress to squamous cell carcinoma over time, but they are not inherently malignant or metastatic.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Alpha hemolysis is characterized by partial lysis of red blood cells on blood agar, leading to a greenish or brownish discoloration around bacterial colonies rather than a clear zone. This occurs because the bacteria produce hemolysins that oxidize hemoglobin to methemoglobin, causing the greenish hue, but do not completely lyse the red blood cells. In contrast, beta hemolysis results in complete destruction of red blood cells and a clear zone surrounding the colonies. Therefore, alpha hemolysis produces incomplete hemolysis with color change rather than full destruction and clearing of the agar.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.