Decreased absorption of vitamin B12 due to lack of intrinsic factor in the gastric mucosa results in ______ anemia
Hemolytic
Aplastic
Iron-deficiency
Pernicious
The Correct Answer is D
A. Hemolytic is incorrect because hemolytic anemia occurs when red blood cells (RBCs) are destroyed prematurely. Causes include autoimmune reactions, certain medications, infections, or inherited RBC defects. Hemolytic anemia affects RBC lifespan rather than their production, and it is not related to vitamin B12 or intrinsic factor deficiency.
B. Aplastic is incorrect because aplastic anemia results from bone marrow failure, leading to a deficiency of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It is usually caused by toxins, radiation, medications, or autoimmune mechanisms. The issue in aplastic anemia is inadequate cell production, not impaired vitamin B12 absorption.
C. Iron-deficiency is incorrect because iron-deficiency anemia results from a lack of iron, which is required for hemoglobin synthesis. Iron deficiency produces small, pale red blood cells (microcytic, hypochromic anemia). It does not involve vitamin B12, intrinsic factor, or megaloblastic changes.
D. Pernicious is correct because pernicious anemia is caused by the body’s inability to absorb vitamin B12 due to the absence of intrinsic factor, a glycoprotein secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach. Intrinsic factor binds to vitamin B12 and allows its absorption in the terminal ileum. Vitamin B12 is essential for DNA synthesis, especially in rapidly dividing cells like red blood cells. Without it, the bone marrow produces megaloblasts—large, immature, dysfunctional red blood cells, which leads to megaloblastic anemia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Elevation of the legs increases pain in those with varicose veins is incorrect because elevating the legs actually relieves discomfort. Elevation reduces venous pressure and improves blood return to the heart, which decreases pain, swelling, and the feeling of heaviness in the legs.
B. The main cause of varicose veins is atherosclerosis is incorrect because varicose veins are primarily caused by venous valve incompetence, leading to venous dilation and blood pooling, not by arterial plaque buildup. Atherosclerosis affects arteries, not veins.
C. Individuals with varicose veins are not likely to develop peripheral edema is incorrect because venous insufficiency can cause fluid to accumulate in the tissues, leading to peripheral edema, particularly in the lower extremities after prolonged standing or at the end of the day.
D. Standing for long periods of time increases the risk of developing varicose veins is correct because prolonged standing or sitting without movement increases venous pressure in the legs, which stresses vein walls and valves. Over time, this can lead to valve dysfunction, vein dilation, and varicose vein formation. Other risk factors include obesity, pregnancy, aging, and family history.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. 31.5 %: Underestimates TBSA; likely missed one major area such as the anterior torso or leg portion.
B. Using the Rule of Nines for adults: Entire front of torso (anterior trunk) = 18%, entire right arm = 9%; front of right leg (anterior half of one leg) = 9%; face and front of neck (anterior head/neck) = 4.5%. Total TBSA = 18 + 9 + 9 + 4.5 = 40.5%
C. 49.5 %: Overestimates TBSA; may have incorrectly counted the entire leg (18%) instead of just the front (9%).
D. 36 %: Slight underestimation; possibly omitted the face/neck portion (4.5%).
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