One complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is:

A. Decreased lung compliance and atelectasis is incorrect because these changes are associated with restrictive lung diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis or ARDS, which limit lung expansion but do not typically cause wheezing. Wheezing is a sign of airway obstruction, not reduced lung compliance.

B. Pulmonary fibrosis and scarring is incorrect because fibrosis leads to stiff, noncompliant lungs and impaired gas exchange. Although it may cause shortness of breath, it does not directly cause wheezing, which results from narrowed airways.

C. Alveolar fluid accumulation and edema is incorrect because fluid in the alveoli, as seen in pulmonary edema or pneumonia, causes crackles (rales) and dyspnea, not wheezing. Wheezing occurs primarily in the bronchi and bronchioles, not the alveoli.

D. Airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction is correct because asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and bronchospasm. These processes narrow the small airways, leading to turbulent airflow during exhalation, which produces the high-pitched musical sound known as wheezing. Other asthma manifestations include coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath, often triggered by allergens, exercise, cold air, or respiratory infections.

A. Ringworm is incorrect because ringworm (tinea) is a superficial fungal infection of the skin characterized by circular, scaly, and often itchy lesions. It is caused by dermatophytes and is not primarily an inflammatory reaction to irritants.

B. Eczema is correct because eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that results in redness, itching, and increased sensitivity to environmental irritants such as soaps, detergents, certain fabrics, or changes in temperature and humidity. The skin barrier is compromised, making the skin more prone to irritation, dryness, and secondary infections. Eczema often follows a relapsing course with flare-ups triggered by allergens or irritants.

C. Psoriasis is incorrect because psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized by rapid proliferation of skin cells, leading to thick, silvery, scaly plaques. It is not primarily caused by external irritants, although trauma or stress can exacerbate it.

D. Impetigo is incorrect because impetigo is a highly contagious bacterial infection of the skin, typically caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. It presents as vesicles or pustules that rupture and form honey-colored crusts. It is an infectious condition, not a chronic inflammatory response to irritants.