Sickle cell anemia is caused by an inherited recessive gene found more commonly in those of _______ descent.
Western European
Native American
African
Asian
The Correct Answer is C
A. Western European is incorrect because sickle cell anemia is rare among individuals of Western European descent. While carriers exist, the prevalence is much lower than in populations of African ancestry.
B. Native American is incorrect because sickle cell anemia is uncommon in Native American populations. Other hemoglobinopathies, like thalassemia, may be more prevalent in specific indigenous groups.
C. African is correct because sickle cell anemia is caused by a recessive mutation in the HBB gene, which affects the beta chain of hemoglobin. This mutation leads to the production of abnormal hemoglobin S, causing red blood cells to adopt a sickle shape under low oxygen conditions. Sickle-shaped cells are rigid, sticky, and prone to hemolysis, leading to anemia, vaso-occlusive crises, and organ damage. The gene is more commonly found in individuals of African descent, as heterozygosity (carriers) provides some protection against malaria, which historically explains the high prevalence in Africa.
D. Asian is incorrect because sickle cell anemia is relatively rare in Asian populations. Other hemoglobin disorders, such as thalassemia, are more common in Southeast Asian and Mediterranean populations.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Third-degree (full-thickness) is incorrect because third-degree burns extend through the entire epidermis and dermis and may involve underlying tissues such as fat, muscle, or bone. These burns are typically painless due to nerve destruction and often appear white, leathery, or charred. Blisters are usually absent because the dermis is destroyed.
B. Second-degree (partial thickness) is incorrect because second-degree burns involve the epidermis and part of the dermis. They are characterized by redness, blistering, and severe pain. Partial-thickness burns may be superficial or deep depending on how much of the dermis is affected.
C. Fourth-degree (full-thickness) is incorrect because fourth-degree burns extend beyond the skin into underlying tissues, including muscle, tendon, or bone. These burns are severe, often painless due to nerve destruction, and require surgical intervention.
D. First-degree (superficial) is correct because first-degree burns affect only the epidermis. They cause redness, mild swelling, and pain, but blisters are absent. Common causes include mild sunburn or brief contact with hot objects. First-degree burns typically heal within 3–7 days without scarring, as only the outermost layer of skin is damaged.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Strong pulses in the feet is incorrect because peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is characterized by weak or absent pulses in the lower extremities due to arterial narrowing or obstruction, which reduces blood flow to the limbs.
B. Cyanosis of skin when feet are elevated is correct because PAD causes impaired arterial blood flow, and when the legs are elevated, less oxygen-rich blood reaches the tissues, leading to pale or bluish discoloration (cyanosis). This is often accompanied by cool skin, delayed capillary refill, and pain with exertion (claudication).
C. Skin that is warm to the touch is incorrect because the affected limbs in PAD are typically cool or cold, reflecting poor blood perfusion. Warmth would suggest adequate blood flow or inflammation, not arterial insufficiency.
D. Excessive hair growth on the toes is incorrect because PAD usually results in hair loss on the lower legs and toes, along with thin, shiny skin. Hair loss occurs because reduced blood supply limits nutrients and oxygen needed for hair growth.
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