The term "tachypnea" refers to:
A normal breathing rate.
A slow respiratory rate.
Cessation of breathing.
Rapid breathing
The Correct Answer is D
A. A normal breathing rate is incorrect because the normal adult respiratory rate is 12–20 breaths per minute at rest. Tachypnea exceeds this normal range, indicating an abnormally fast breathing pattern rather than normal respiration.
B. A slow respiratory rate is incorrect because a slow respiratory rate is termed bradypnea, not tachypnea. Bradypnea occurs when respiration falls below 12 breaths per minute in adults and may be caused by drug overdose, neurological injury, metabolic disorders, or severe hypothyroidism.
C. Cessation of breathing is incorrect because the absence of breathing is called apnea. Apnea can occur during sleep, respiratory arrest, or severe neurological compromise, and it is distinct from the rapid breathing seen in tachypnea.
D. Rapid breathing is correct because tachypnea is defined as an abnormally high respiratory rate, typically greater than 20 breaths per minute in adults at rest. Tachypnea is a compensatory mechanism that allows the body to increase oxygen intake and enhance carbon dioxide elimination in response to physiological stress or disease. Common causes include hypoxia, fever, metabolic acidosis, anxiety, pulmonary conditions (such as pneumonia or pulmonary embolism), heart failure, and pain. Clinically, tachypnea is an important early indicator of respiratory or systemic compromise and warrants prompt evaluation of underlying causes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. High urine pH is incorrect because while urine pH can influence bacterial growth, it is not the primary factor contributing to recurrent UTIs in older men. Other conditions, such as structural or functional urinary obstruction, are more significant.
B. Urine retention due to an enlarged prostate is correct because benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is common in older men and can cause partial obstruction of urine flow. This leads to urine stasis, which creates an environment conducive to bacterial growth, significantly increasing the risk of recurrent UTIs. Urine that is not fully expelled allows bacteria to multiply and ascend the urinary tract.
C. Use of cotton underwear is incorrect because wearing breathable underwear may help reduce irritation or moisture-related infections, but it is not a major contributor to UTIs in older men. Recurrent UTIs are more closely linked to urinary retention and obstruction.
D. Increased fluid intake is incorrect because higher fluid intake actually helps prevent UTIs by diluting urine and promoting regular bladder emptying. It reduces bacterial concentration and decreases the risk of infection, rather than causing recurrent infections.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. 31.5 %: Underestimates TBSA; likely missed one major area such as the anterior torso or leg portion.
B. Using the Rule of Nines for adults: Entire front of torso (anterior trunk) = 18%, entire right arm = 9%; front of right leg (anterior half of one leg) = 9%; face and front of neck (anterior head/neck) = 4.5%. Total TBSA = 18 + 9 + 9 + 4.5 = 40.5%
C. 49.5 %: Overestimates TBSA; may have incorrectly counted the entire leg (18%) instead of just the front (9%).
D. 36 %: Slight underestimation; possibly omitted the face/neck portion (4.5%).
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