Thrombocytes are an essential component of:
The clotting process.
Plasma protein regulation.
Oxygen transport in the blood.
Antibody production.
The Correct Answer is A
A. The clotting process is correct because thrombocytes, also known as platelets, are critical for hemostasis, the body’s process to stop bleeding. Platelets are small, anucleate cell fragments derived from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. When a blood vessel is injured, platelets adhere to the exposed collagen and subendothelial tissues, become activated, and release chemical mediators such as ADP, thromboxane A2, and clotting factors. These mediators recruit additional platelets to form a platelet plug, which serves as a temporary barrier to blood loss. Simultaneously, platelets provide a surface for the coagulation cascade, which stabilizes the plug by converting fibrinogen to fibrin, creating a stable clot. Without sufficient platelet function or number, individuals are at risk for excessive bleeding (e.g., in thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction disorders).
B. Plasma protein regulation is incorrect because plasma proteins, including albumin, globulins, and clotting factors, are primarily synthesized and regulated by the liver. Platelets do not regulate plasma protein levels but contribute indirectly to coagulation through the release of clotting mediators.
C. Oxygen transport in the blood is incorrect because oxygen is transported by erythrocytes, which contain hemoglobin. Platelets do not carry oxygen or play a role in gas exchange.
D. Antibody production is incorrect because antibodies are produced by B lymphocytes and plasma cells, components of the adaptive immune system. Platelets are not involved in the production of immunoglobulins, though they can interact with immune cells to support inflammation and immune responses.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Strong pulses in the feet is incorrect because peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is characterized by weak or absent pulses in the lower extremities due to arterial narrowing or obstruction, which reduces blood flow to the limbs.
B. Cyanosis of skin when feet are elevated is correct because PAD causes impaired arterial blood flow, and when the legs are elevated, less oxygen-rich blood reaches the tissues, leading to pale or bluish discoloration (cyanosis). This is often accompanied by cool skin, delayed capillary refill, and pain with exertion (claudication).
C. Skin that is warm to the touch is incorrect because the affected limbs in PAD are typically cool or cold, reflecting poor blood perfusion. Warmth would suggest adequate blood flow or inflammation, not arterial insufficiency.
D. Excessive hair growth on the toes is incorrect because PAD usually results in hair loss on the lower legs and toes, along with thin, shiny skin. Hair loss occurs because reduced blood supply limits nutrients and oxygen needed for hair growth.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. A mole that is smaller than 6 mm is incorrect because while size can be a factor in melanoma, smaller moles are generally less concerning. Melanomas are often larger than 6 mm, but early lesions can be smaller, so size alone is not the most alarming sign.
B. A mole that resembles all other moles on the body is incorrect because this represents the “E” or “evolution” principle in dermatology, meaning moles that are similar to surrounding moles are less likely to be malignant. Melanoma often stands out as different from other moles (the “ugly duckling” sign).
C. A mole with multiple colors is correct because the “C” in the ABCD mnemonic stands for Color. A mole with multiple shades of brown, black, tan, red, white, or blue is concerning for melanoma. Variation in color reflects abnormal melanocyte activity and irregular pigment deposition, which is a hallmark of malignant change.
D. A mole with symmetrical borders is incorrect because symmetrical moles are generally less concerning. The “B” in ABCD stands for Border, and irregular, scalloped, or poorly defined borders are a warning sign of melanoma. Symmetry is more characteristic of benign nevi.
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