Which of the following statements about burns is true?
First-degree (superficial) burns result in blister formation
Fourth-degree (full-thickness) burns involve all skin layers and underlying tissue
Second-degree (partial thickness) burns are painless
Third-degree (full-thickness) burns do not extend beyond the dermis
The Correct Answer is B
A. First-degree (superficial) burns result in blister formation is incorrect because first-degree burns affect only the epidermis. They cause redness, mild pain, and swelling but do not form blisters. Blistering occurs in second-degree burns.
B. Fourth-degree (full-thickness) burns involve all skin layers and underlying tissue is correct because fourth-degree burns extend through the epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue, and into underlying structures such as muscle, tendons, or bone. These burns are severe, often result in charring, and usually require surgical intervention or amputation due to extensive tissue loss.
C. Second-degree (partial thickness) burns are painless is incorrect because second-degree burns affect both the epidermis and part of the dermis, causing intense pain due to exposed nerve endings. They are typically characterized by redness, swelling, blistering, and significant discomfort.
D. Third-degree (full-thickness) burns do not extend beyond the dermis is incorrect because third-degree burns destroy the entire epidermis and dermis, potentially extending into subcutaneous tissue. Unlike second-degree burns, third-degree burns may appear white, brown, or charred and are often painless due to nerve destruction.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Strong pulses in the feet is incorrect because peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is characterized by weak or absent pulses in the lower extremities due to arterial narrowing or obstruction, which reduces blood flow to the limbs.
B. Cyanosis of skin when feet are elevated is correct because PAD causes impaired arterial blood flow, and when the legs are elevated, less oxygen-rich blood reaches the tissues, leading to pale or bluish discoloration (cyanosis). This is often accompanied by cool skin, delayed capillary refill, and pain with exertion (claudication).
C. Skin that is warm to the touch is incorrect because the affected limbs in PAD are typically cool or cold, reflecting poor blood perfusion. Warmth would suggest adequate blood flow or inflammation, not arterial insufficiency.
D. Excessive hair growth on the toes is incorrect because PAD usually results in hair loss on the lower legs and toes, along with thin, shiny skin. Hair loss occurs because reduced blood supply limits nutrients and oxygen needed for hair growth.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Melasma is incorrect because melasma is characterized by dark, hyperpigmented patches on the skin, usually on the face, due to increased melanin production. It is often related to hormonal changes or sun exposure and does not involve a lack of pigmentation or white hair.
B. Vitiligo is incorrect because vitiligo involves patchy loss of skin pigmentation due to autoimmune destruction of melanocytes. Hair may be affected locally in the depigmented patches, but the condition does not typically result in generalized white hair or the reduced eye pigmentation seen in albinism.
C. Albinism is correct because it is a genetic condition characterized by a congenital lack of melanin, resulting in very light or white skin, white or very light hair, and reduced or absent pigmentation in the eyes. This lack of melanin also increases sensitivity to UV radiation and can affect vision.
D. Psoriasis is incorrect because psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin condition that causes red, scaly, and inflamed patches of skin. It does not affect hair color or eye pigmentation and is unrelated to melanin production.
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