Which of the following statements about burns is true?
First-degree (superficial) burns result in blister formation
Fourth-degree (full-thickness) burns involve all skin layers and underlying tissue
Second-degree (partial thickness) burns are painless
Third-degree (full-thickness) burns do not extend beyond the dermis
The Correct Answer is B
A. First-degree (superficial) burns result in blister formation is incorrect because first-degree burns affect only the epidermis. They cause redness, mild pain, and swelling but do not form blisters. Blistering occurs in second-degree burns.
B. Fourth-degree (full-thickness) burns involve all skin layers and underlying tissue is correct because fourth-degree burns extend through the epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue, and into underlying structures such as muscle, tendons, or bone. These burns are severe, often result in charring, and usually require surgical intervention or amputation due to extensive tissue loss.
C. Second-degree (partial thickness) burns are painless is incorrect because second-degree burns affect both the epidermis and part of the dermis, causing intense pain due to exposed nerve endings. They are typically characterized by redness, swelling, blistering, and significant discomfort.
D. Third-degree (full-thickness) burns do not extend beyond the dermis is incorrect because third-degree burns destroy the entire epidermis and dermis, potentially extending into subcutaneous tissue. Unlike second-degree burns, third-degree burns may appear white, brown, or charred and are often painless due to nerve destruction.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Production of red blood cells is incorrect because red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, not the skin. The skin has no role in hematopoiesis.
B. Assisting with control of body temperature is correct because the skin helps regulate temperature through vasodilation, vasoconstriction, and sweating. Blood vessels in the skin expand to release heat and constrict to conserve heat, while sweat glands produce perspiration that cools the body through evaporation.
C. Acting as a first line of defense against pathogens is correct because the skin serves as a physical barrier that protects underlying tissues from bacteria, viruses, and other harmful microorganisms. The acidic pH of the skin and the presence of antimicrobial proteins also help inhibit pathogen growth.
D. Prevention of excessive fluid loss is correct because the skin acts as a barrier to prevent dehydration by reducing water loss from the body. The stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis, is particularly important in maintaining fluid balance.
E. Synthesis of vitamin D is correct because the skin produces vitamin D when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight. Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and bone health, and this synthesis occurs in the epidermal layers of the skin.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Skin grafting eliminates scar formation is incorrect because skin grafting helps cover large or deep burn wounds and promotes healing, but it does not prevent scarring entirely. Scar formation can still occur, and grafted areas may develop hypertrophic or contracture scars.
B. Metabolism is decreased during the healing process is incorrect because burn injuries actually increase metabolic demands. The body requires more energy, protein, and nutrients to repair damaged tissue, fight infection, and support wound healing. Hypermetabolism is a well-documented response in moderate to severe burns.
C. Most burns heal quickly is incorrect because the healing time depends on the depth and extent of the burn. Superficial burns may heal within days, but deep partial-thickness or full-thickness burns take weeks to months to heal and often require surgical interventions, such as debridement or grafting.
D. Restrictive scars may require surgical intervention is correct because burns that result in contractures or hypertrophic scars can limit mobility, function, or cosmetic appearance. Surgical procedures, such as scar revision, release of contractures, or reconstructive grafting, may be necessary to restore function or improve appearance. Physical therapy and splinting are also important in managing restrictive scars.
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