The capacity to understand or feel what another person is experiencing from within the other persons frame of reference i.e., the capacity to place oneself in another person’s position:

These patients may require adaptive communication techniques to help them communicate effectively with their healthcare providers. For example, a patient with dysphasia may benefit from the use of visual aids or gestures to help them understand and express themselves. A patient who is deaf may require the use of sign language or other forms of non-verbal communication. A patient who is blind may benefit from the use of tactile or auditory aids to help them communicate.

While patients who have schizophrenia (b) or are elderly (c) may also have communication challenges, these conditions do not necessarily require the use of adaptive communication techniques. It is important for healthcare providers to assess each patient’s individual needs and to provide appropriate support and accommodations to help them communicate effectively.

Hildegard Peplau was a nursing theorist who promoted the interpersonal theory between patient and nurse. She believed that nursing is a therapeutic, interpersonal process that involves the development of a close and personal relationship between the nurse and the patient. According to her theory, the nurse should understand the patient's needs, feelings, and behaviors to develop a personalized care plan that would facilitate the patient's recovery.

Mary Mahoney was a nurse who broke racial barriers and became the first African American registered nurse in the United States.

Hattie Bessment was a nurse who promoted nursing education and research.

Linda Richards was the first professionally trained nurse in the United States and established the first nursing school in Japan.

While these nurses contributed significantly to the nursing profession, they did not specifically promote the interpersonal theory between patient and nurse.