The community health nurse is designing programs to reduce kidney problems and kidney injury among the general public. In order to do so, the nurse target health promotion and compliance with therapy for people with which condition?
Frequent episode of sexually transmitted disease
Osteoporosis and other bone diseases
Gastroenteritis and poor eating habits
Diabetes mellitus and hypertension
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. Frequent episodes of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can cause localized infections of the urinary tract or reproductive organs, but they rarely lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD) unless they progress to severe or untreated pyelonephritis.
B. Osteoporosis and other bone diseases do not directly affect kidney function. Although CKD can cause bone disorders due to calcium and phosphate imbalance, bone disease itself is not a cause of kidney injury.
C. Gastroenteritis and poor eating habits may cause dehydration or temporary renal stress, but these effects are usually reversible and not a major cause of chronic renal disease.
D. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are the most common causes of kidney damage and kidney failure. Uncontrolled blood sugar and blood pressure damage renal blood vessels and nephrons, leading to CKD. Therefore, the nurse should target prevention and management of these conditions to reduce kidney injury in the community.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Increased edema in the legs indicates fluid retention, meaning the client’s fluid balance is not stable. Edema is a common sign of volume overload in clients with CKD who are not effectively maintaining fluid restriction.
B. Calcium levels reflect mineral and bone metabolism, not immediate fluid balance. Low calcium is common in CKD due to impaired vitamin D activation but does not indicate fluid stability.
C. The absence of adventitious lung sounds (such as crackles or rales) indicates that fluid has not accumulated in the lungs, suggesting stable fluid balance. In CKD, fluid overload can quickly lead to pulmonary edema, so clear lung sounds are an important clinical indicator that the client is maintaining appropriate fluid levels.
D. Increased phosphorus levels are related to decreased renal excretion of phosphate in CKD but do not reflect fluid balance.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Hyperkalemia results from impaired potassium excretion in kidney failure, not protein intake. Potassium restriction, not protein restriction, helps manage this risk.
B. Edema occurs due to sodium and fluid retention and low albumin levels, not directly from protein intake. Limiting protein does not control edema; managing fluid and sodium intake does.
C. Uremia results from the accumulation of nitrogenous waste products from protein metabolism. By limiting dietary protein, the production of urea and other nitrogenous wastes is reduced, helping prevent worsening of uremic symptoms.
D. The opposite is true. High protein intake increases nitrogenous waste production, whereas a low-protein diet helps decrease these waste levels and slows the progression of kidney damage.
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