The family of an 81-year-old woman asks the PMHNP to refrain from telling her that the most recent MRI reflects suspected Parkinson's disease. They reason that at her age, there is no point. Honesty is one of a PMHNP's core values, and not telling her client about the diagnosis would violate her values. What is this an example of?
Ethical dilemma
Ethical conflict
Moral relativism
Virtue signaling
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: An ethical dilemma occurs when two or more ethical principles are in direct opposition, and choosing one compromises the other. In this case, the PMHNP is not facing two competing ethical principles but rather a conflict between her values and the family's request.
Choice B reason: Ethical conflict arises when a healthcare provider’s personal or professional values clash with external pressures or requests, such as those from family members. Here, the PMHNP’s commitment to honesty and patient autonomy is in conflict with the family's desire to withhold information, making this a clear ethical conflict.
Choice C reason: Moral relativism is a philosophical stance that suggests moral judgments are based on cultural, societal, or personal perspectives, and no universal standard exists. While the family's reasoning may reflect moral relativism, the situation itself is not an example of this concept.
Choice D reason: Virtue signaling refers to expressing moral values primarily to gain approval or social status, often without genuine commitment. The PMHNP’s concern is rooted in professional ethics, not performative morality, so this term does not apply.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: This statement reflects the motivational interviewing principle of expressing empathy. It validates the client’s emotional experience and builds rapport but does not focus the conversation on change or the specific issue of cocaine use.
Choice B reason: This statement exemplifies the principle of focusing. It acknowledges the client’s perceived benefits of cocaine use while gently steering the conversation toward exploring the negative consequences. This helps the client begin to consider change by weighing pros and cons.
Choice C reason: This is an open-ended question that aligns with the principle of engaging, not focusing. It invites the client to share but does not direct attention to the specific issue or encourage reflection on change.
Choice D reason: This statement may come across as confrontational or dismissive. It risks eliciting defensiveness and does not align with motivational interviewing principles, which emphasize collaboration and evoking the client’s own motivations for change.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Chronic alcohol abuse is strongly associated with cerebellar degeneration. Alcohol is neurotoxic to cerebellar Purkinje cells, leading to ataxia, tremors, and coordination deficits. This condition is particularly common in individuals with long-term alcohol dependence and nutritional deficiencies, especially thiamine deficiency.
Choice B reason: Cannabis use may affect cognition and motivation but is not linked to cerebellar degeneration. Neurological damage from cannabis is not typically structural or degenerative in nature.
Choice C reason: Benzodiazepines can cause sedation, memory impairment, and dependence, but they are not associated with cerebellar degeneration. Their effects are more functional and reversible.
Choice D reason: Opioids depress the central nervous system and can lead to respiratory depression and dependence. However, they are not known to cause cerebellar degeneration. Their impact is more systemic and does not target cerebellar structures.
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