The healthcare provider (HCP) prescribes cefuroxime 1.5 grams every 8 hours IM for a client with pneumonia. The available vial is labeled, "Cefuroxime 500 mg/mL." How many mL should the nurse administer to this client?

(Enter numerical value only. If rounding is required, round to the nearest whole number.)

A. Consult with a pharmacist about scheduling the dose one hour after the client eats: Risedronate must be taken on an empty stomach with water for proper absorption. Taking it after eating would severely reduce its effectiveness, making pharmacist consultation unnecessary at this point.

B. Assign an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) to bring the client a glass of low fat milk: Milk contains calcium, which can bind to risedronate and interfere with its absorption. Providing milk at the time of administration would make the medication much less effective in treating osteoporosis.

C. Withhold the medication until the client's breakfast tray is available on the unit: Administering risedronate with or immediately after food would impair absorption. Delaying the dose until after breakfast would not meet the medication's requirements for maximum efficacy.

D. Instruct the client that it is necessary to take nothing but water with the medication: Risedronate should be taken with a full glass of plain water while fasting to ensure proper absorption. After administration, the client should also remain upright for at least 30 minutes to reduce gastrointestinal irritation.

Large, liquid stool: Lactulose is prescribed to treat constipation by drawing water into the bowel and promoting a bowel movement. A large, liquid stool indicates that the medication has effectively relieved the client's postoperative constipation.

Abdomen soft and flat: Before receiving lactulose, the client had a distended abdomen. A soft, flat abdomen afterward shows that bowel motility improved and gas or stool buildup has decreased, reflecting therapeutic action.

Blood pressure 120/68 mm Hg: Lactulose does not significantly affect blood pressure. A normal blood pressure reading is a positive finding but is unrelated to the expected outcomes or side effects of lactulose therapy.

Drowsiness: Drowsiness is not an intended or expected effect of lactulose. It may result from opioid use (morphine) rather than the lactulose itself, but since it impacts the client's alertness, it is considered a nontherapeutic side effect here.

Heart rate 62 beats/minute: Lactulose has no direct pharmacologic impact on heart rate. A heart rate of 62 beats per minute is within acceptable limits for many adults and is unrelated to the administration of lactulose.

Pain rating of 2 on a 0 to 10 scale: Pain control relates to the administration of morphine and other analgesics, not to lactulose. Therefore, a lower pain score reflects effective analgesia but is not linked to lactulose therapy.

Cramping: Cramping can occur with lactulose because it increases bowel motility and draws fluid into the intestines. Although mild cramping is expected, it is still classified as a nontherapeutic side effect because it can cause client discomfort.