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The inability to metabolize an amino acid found in many foods leads to an accumulation in the blood and body tissues and can result in brain damage and intellectual disability. This condition, for which infants are screened by hospitals, is called

A.

autism spectrum disorder

B.

phenylketonuria (PKU)

C.

Huntington's disease

D.

jaundice

E.

meningitis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Autism spectrum disorder: ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder not caused by an inability to metabolize a dietary amino acid.
B. Phenylketonuria (PKU): PKU is an inherited inability to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine, causing accumulation that can lead to brain damage and intellectual disability if untreated.
C. Huntington's disease: Huntington’s is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder caused by a trinucleotide repeat expansion, not an amino-acid metabolic defect in infancy.
D. Jaundice: Jaundice involves elevated bilirubin in newborns and can cause kernicterus if severe, but it’s not an amino-acid metabolic disorder like PKU.

E. Meningitis: Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges from infection and is not caused by metabolic inability to process an amino acid.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Presbyopia:Presbyopia is age-related difficulty focusing on near objects (vision), not hearing.
B. Tinnitus:Tinnitus is ringing in the ears (symptom), not the age-related hearing loss Heather is experiencing.
C. Presbycusis:presbycusis is age-related sensorineural hearing loss common in healthy older adults, affecting conversational hearing.
D. Atherosclerosis:Vascular disease can affect hearing indirectly but is not the typical age-related, non-disease explanation.
E. Stroke:Stroke can cause sudden hearing/neurological deficits, but Heather’s gradual, age-related decline fits presbycusis.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Naturalistic: Gardner’s naturalistic intelligence is seldom measured by standard IQ tests.
B. Kinesthetic: Bodily-kinesthetic abilities are not well captured by paper-and-pencil intelligence tests.
C. Logical: Standard intelligence tests emphasize logical-mathematical reasoning (problem solving, pattern detection), which corresponds to Gardner’s “logical” type.
D. Intrapersonal: Intrapersonal (self-knowledge) is not typically assessed by conventional IQ tests.
E. Interpersonal: Interpersonal/social intelligence is also rarely measured on standard intelligence batteries.

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