The ________ is absent from the epidermis in most of the body.
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum
stratum basale
stratum spinosum
The Correct Answer is B
A. stratum granulosum: The stratum granulosum is usually present in most areas of the epidermis. It contains keratohyalin granules that contribute to keratin formation, which helps strengthen the skin barrier.
B. stratum lucidum: The stratum lucidum is a clear layer found only in thick skin, such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. It is absent in most of the body’s epidermis, which is classified as thin skin.
C. stratum corneum: The stratum corneum, composed of layers of dead keratinized cells, is always present in the epidermis. It serves as the outer protective layer against environmental factors.
D. stratum basale: The stratum basale is the deepest layer of the epidermis. It contains dividing keratinocytes and melanocytes and is always present to support skin regeneration.
E. stratum spinosum: The stratum spinosum lies above the basal layer and provides strength and flexibility to the skin. It is consistently present in the epidermis across most of the body.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. within the cartilage divide and secrete new matrix:Chondroblasts are immature cartilage cells responsible for producing and secreting the extracellular matrix, including collagen and proteoglycans. They actively divide and contribute to cartilage growth, especially at the periphery (appositional growth).
B. remain in compact bone even after the epiphyseal plate closes:This description more closely matches osteocytes in bone, not chondroblasts. Chondroblasts are specific to cartilage and do not persist in compact bone after growth plates close.
C. are mature cartilage cells located in spaces called lacunae:This describes chondrocytes, the mature form of cartilage cells that reside in lacunae and maintain the matrix, rather than actively secreting it like chondroblasts.
D. never lose their ability to divide:Chondroblasts can divide while immature, but once they mature into chondrocytes, their division is very limited. Therefore, they do lose much of their proliferative capacity after maturation.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. gluconeogenesis, citric acid cycle, lipolysis:Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, and lipolysis is the breakdown of fats. Neither represents the complete oxidation of glucose for energy production.
B. glycogenesis, lipogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation of the electron transport chain:Glycogenesis and lipogenesis involve the storage of glucose and fat, respectively, rather than its breakdown for ATP production.
C. glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation of the electron transport chain:Glycolysis breaks glucose into pyruvate in the cytoplasm. The citric acid cycle oxidizes acetyl CoA derived from pyruvate, producing NADH and FADH₂. These coenzymes then donate electrons in the electron transport chain for oxidative phosphorylation, generating ATP, completing glucose oxidation.
D. lipolysis, glycogenolysis, beta oxidation:These processes involve the breakdown of fats and glycogen, not the full oxidation of glucose, so they do not represent the standard cellular respiration pathway.
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