The molecule that serves as the major source of readily available fuel for cellular respiration is ______
acetyl CoA
protein
glucose
fat
The Correct Answer is C
A. acetyl CoA: Acetyl CoA is a critical intermediate in cellular respiration that enters the Krebs cycle. However, it is not the primary fuel source but rather a product derived from the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, or proteins.
B. protein: Proteins can be used for energy when carbohydrates and fats are scarce, but they are primarily reserved for structural and functional roles such as enzyme production and tissue repair. Their breakdown for energy is less efficient and not the main source of fuel.
C. glucose: Glucose is the body’s preferred and most readily available fuel for cellular respiration. It undergoes glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP efficiently, making it the main energy substrate under normal conditions.
D. fat: Fats provide a large energy reserve and yield more ATP per molecule than glucose, but they must undergo beta-oxidation before entering respiration pathways. They are slower to mobilize and not considered the immediate source of fuel.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. adipose CT:Adipose tissue primarily stores fat for energy and cushioning and does not provide the elasticity or vibration properties required for vocal cords.
B. elastic CT:Elastic connective tissue contains abundant elastic fibers, allowing the vocal cords to stretch and recoil during sound production. Its flexibility and resilience are essential for the rapid vibrations needed for speech.
C. areolar CT:Areolar tissue is a loose connective tissue that provides support and cushioning but lacks the dense elastic fibers necessary for vocal cord function.
D. elastic cartilage CT:Elastic cartilage provides flexible support in structures like the ear and epiglottis but is not the main tissue responsible for the vibration and elasticity of vocal cords.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. cytoplasm; 2:The cytoplasm is where glycolysis occurs, producing 2 ATP molecules per glucose. The citric acid cycle does not take place in the cytoplasm.
B. cytoplasm; 30:The citric acid cycle does not occur in the cytoplasm, and it does not directly produce 30 ATP; this higher yield comes from combined cellular respiration including the electron transport chain.
C. mitochondria; 2:The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. Each turn of the cycle produces 1 ATP (or GTP) per acetyl-CoA; since one glucose yields 2 acetyl-CoA, a total of 2 ATP are produced directly by the citric acid cycle.
D. mitochondria; 28:While the citric acid cycle generates high-energy electron carriers (NADH and FADH₂) that lead to ATP production in the electron transport chain, the cycle itself directly produces only 2 ATP per glucose molecule.
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